Pakistan Always First

Pakistan Going Out

2009-11-18T08:51:00.000-08:00

Food and Drink

Pakistani cuisine is based on curry or masala (hot and spicy) sauces accompanying chicken, lamb, prawns and a wide choice of vegetables. Its flavours are drawn from its Afghani, Turkish and Iranian roots.

Things to know: Alcohol may be bought at major hotels by visitors who have been issued a Liquor Permit from the Excise and Taxation Office. Wine is expensive and only available in upscale restaurants. Pakistani-brewed beer is widely available, as are canned carbonated drinks. There are no bars since there are strict laws concerning alcohol, and it is illegal to drink in public. Waiter service is provided in the larger hotels and restaurants. Visitors should avoid drinking water from the tap; bottled water is available everywhere, but it is necessary to make sure it comes in properly sealed plastic bottles.

National specialities:
• Biryani (seasoned rice with mutton, chicken and yoghurt).
• Sag gosht (spinach and lamb curry).
• Dal chawal (brown lentils and rice).
• Shish kebabs (charcoal-grilled meat on skewers).
• Shami-kebabs (patties of chopped meat fried in ghee or butter).
• Halwa (sweetmeat made with eggs, carrots, maize cream, sooji and nuts).

National drinks:
• Tea (drunk strong with milk and often very sweet).

Legal drinking age: 21.

Tipping: Most high-class hotels and restaurants add a 10% service charge. Other tipping is discretionary.

Nightlife

Top hotels have bars and dancing but there is little Western-style nightlife. Cinemas in the large cities show international as well as Pakistani films. There are plenty of cultural events featuring traditional music and dance organised by the Pakistani Arts Academy throughout the year. Festivals and annual celebrations are colourful and lively. Lahore has the most bustling nightlife, including popular theatre and musical events.

Shopping

Special purchases include carved wooden tables, trays, screens, silver trinkets, pottery, camel-skin lamps, bamboo decorations, woodwork, brassware, cane items, glass bangles, gold ornaments, hand-embroidered shawls, rugs and carpets, silk, cashmere shawls and saleem shahi shoes with upturned toes. While some of the major towns have craft centres where handicrafts from different regions are sold, bazaars often provide the most interesting shopping. It is expected that the customer should bargain for goods.

Shopping hours: Sat-Thurs 0930-1300 and 1500-1830. Bazaars stay open longer.

Pakistan Top Things To Do

• Tour the Sindh region, known for the remarkable quality of its light. The two main places of interest are Mohenjodaro, a settlement dating back 5,000 years, and Thatta, notable for its mausoleums and mosques. There are sporting facilities on Lake Haleji.

• Explore Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan since 1963. It has an air of spaciousness, with parks, gardens and fountains below the silhouette of the Margalla Hills. In the midst of these lies Daman-e-Koh, a terraced garden with an excellent view over the city.

• Also located on the Pothowar Plain, Rawalpindi lies waiting to be discovered. The old part boasts fine examples of local architecture and bazaars crammed into the narrow streets where craftspeople still use traditional methods.

• Take a day trip to Rawal Lake. Situated about 8km (5 miles) from the capital, the lake has an abundance of leisure facilities for watersports and a picnic area.

• Discover The Punjab. Lahore is a historic, bustling city with buildings of pink and white marble. Visit the Badshahi Mosque (one of the largest mosques in the world, and an example of Moghul architecture rivalled only by the Taj Mahal), the beautiful Shalimar Gardens and the Gate of Chauburji.

• Near Taxila, explore Jaulian and Sirkap, two excavated sites that date back to the Buddhist Gandhara period.

• Follow the Karakoram Highway, which follows the ancient Silk Road over a breathtaking knot of mountain ranges that incorporates the Himalaya mountains, Hindukush and Pamir. The trail runs along the Indus River and to the beautiful Gilgit and Hunza valleys.

• Go trekking and mountaineering. Pakistan contains five of the world's highest peaks and several of the world's largest glaciers. The northern areas are the most popular for trekking, with Gilgit and Skardu being good starting points for trips.

• Ski at the Malam Jabba resort in the Karakoram range.

• Go white-water rafting or canoeing. Both are increasingly popular on the rivers of the north of the country.

Pakistan Picture Gallery

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Gwadar

Islamabad

Islamabad Secretariate Complex

Secretariate
(Presidency in the background)

Blue Area, Islamabad

Islamabad

Mazar-e-Quaid
(Mausoleum of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah)
Built entirely of white marble

Mazar-e-Quaid

Karachi

Sunset at Clifton Beach, Karachi

Karachi

Karachi Port Trust building with Kemari over head bridge

Karachi

Kemari over head bridge

Habib Bank (Karachi)

New flyover, Lahore

Race Course Park (Lahore)

Mustard fields, Mianwali

Tooba Mosque (Karachi)

Bab-el-Khyber at Jamrud

Badshahi Mosque

Kamran's Baradari (Lahore)

Derawar Fort (Cholistan Desert)

Liaquat Hall (Frere Hall)
Bagh-e-Jinnah, Karachi

Hiran Minar (Sheikhupura)

Islamia College Peshawar

Jinnah House Museum (Karachi)

Minar-e-Pakistan (Tower of Pakistan)

Rhotas Fort near Jhelum

Shahi Qila (Lahore Fort)

Shalamar Garden

Built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in 1642

Shalamar Garden

Built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in 1642

Shish Mahal (Lahore Fort)

Takhat Bhai

Buddhist Monastery Takhat Bhai 15 kms from Mardan

Tomb of Bibi Jawindi in Uch, Punjab

Ancient tomb of Bibi Jawindi built in the city of Uch Sharif in 149

Tomb of Bibi Jawindi in Uch, Punjab

Ancient tomb of Bibi Jawindi built in the city of Uch Sharif in 1494

Ziarat Residency in Baluchistan where Quaid-e-Azam spent the last days of his life.

Stock Exchanges of Pakistan

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Islamabad Stock Exchange

Islamabad Stock Exchange is one of the three stock exchanges of Pakistan and is located in the capital of Islamabad. It was incorporated on October 25, 1989 and it became fully operational on August 10, 1992. Islamabad Stock Exchange is centrally located in Anees Plaza, Fazal ul Haq Road, Islamabad. A new development project is underway to establish a new building for the exchange.

At present there are 119 members out of which 93 are corporate bodies including commercial and investment banks, DFIs and brokerage houses. The other 26 Members are individual persons who are well educated, enterprising and progressive minded. The affairs of the Exchange are governed by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors consists of ten directors, of which five are elected member directors and four are non-member directors nominated by the SECP while the managing director by virtue of his office is the tenth director of the Board . In order to protect the interest of the investing public, an Investors Protection fund has been established by the Exchange.

Since the inception of automated trading system (ISECTS), the trade volume has been multiplying day by day and the average daily turnover has now crossed the figure of 1 million shares. Now all the listed securities are traded through the ISECTS. The system of physical handling of shares and securities has been phased out and majority of the scrips are settled through Central Depository Company of Pakistan Limited.

At the moment there are 241 companies/securities listed on the Exchange with an aggregate capital of Rs. 389.512 billion. The market capitalization stood at Rs. 2,275.00 billion as on 04-04-2007 . The pace of listing has remained slow as the economy of the Country is under consistent pressure due to internal as well as external factors.

In comparison with major financial markets around the World, the functioning of capital market in Pakistan is still very much in its infancy and lacks advanced technology. In this context efforts are being made to edited by khalid shah ciit

The Islamabad stock exchange is going to be shifted to its new home in a few year, as the new Islamabad Stock Exchange is currently under construction in the capital.

Karachi Stock Exchange:

KSE is a stock exchange located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Founded in 1947, it is Pakistan's largest and oldest stock exchange, with many Pakistani as well as overseas listings. Its current premises are situated on Stock Exchange Road, in the heart of Karachi's Business District.

History

Karachi Stock Exchange is the biggest and most liquid exchange in Pakistan. It was declared the “Best Performing Stock Market of the World for the year 2002”. As of Sept25, 2009, 654 companies were listed with a market capitalization of Rs. 2.806 trillion (US$ 33.81 billion) having listed capital of Rs. 705.873 billion (US$ 10.615 billion). The KSE 100TM Index closed at 9359 on Sept 29, 2009.

Business:

Trading

The exchange has pre-market sessions from 09:15am to 09:30am and normal trading sessions from 09:30am to 03:30pm. It is the second oldest stock exchange in South Asia.^[2] The karachi stock exchange has undergone a considerable deal of downturn partly due to global financial crisis and partly on account of domestic troubles. It remained suspended in excess of 4 months and resumed normal trading only on December 15,2008. The KSE 100 Index and KSE 30 Index after hitting the low around mid january has now rebounced and recovered 20-25% till March 12th 2009.

Growth

The KSE is the biggest and most liquid exchange in Pakistan and in 2002 it was declared as the “Best Performing Stock Market of the World” by Business Week. As of December 20, 2007, 671 companies were listed with the market capitalization of Rs. 4364.312 billion (US$ 73 Billion) having listed capital of Rs. 717.3 billion (US$ 12 billion). On December 26, 2007, the KSE 100 Index reached its highest value ever and closed at 14,814.85 points.

Foreign buying interest had been very active on the KSE in 2006 and continued in 2007. According to estimates from the State Bank of Pakistan, foreign investment in capital markets total about US$523 Million. According to a research analyst in Pakistan, around 20pc of the total free float in KSE-30 Index is held by foreign participants.

KSE has seen some fluctuations since the start of 2008. One reason could be that it is the election year in Pakistan, and stocks are expected to remain dull. KSE has set an all time high of 15,000 points, before settling around the 14,000 mark.

Karachi stock exchange Board of Directors has recently (2007) announced plans to construct a 40 story high rise KSE building, as a new direction for future investment.

Disputes between investors and members of the Exchange are resolved through deliberations of the Arbitration Committee of the Exchange.

KSE began with a 50 shares index. As the market grew a representative index was needed. On November 1st, 91 the KSE-100 was introduced and remains to this day the most generally accepted measure of the Exchange. Karachi Stock Exchange 100 Index (KSE-100 Index) is a benchmark used to compare prices overtime, companies with the highest market capitalization are selected. To ensure full market representation, the company with the highest market capitalization from each sector is also included.

In 1995 the need was felt for an all share index to reconfirm the KSE-100 and also to provide the basis of index trading in future. On August the 29th, 1995 the KSE all share index was constructed and introduced on September 18, 1995.

Lahore Stock Exchange:

LSE is Pakistan's second largest stock exchange after the Karachi Stock Exchange. It is located in Lahore, Pakistan.

History

The Lahore Stock Exchange (Guarantee) Limited came into existence in October 1970, under the Securities and Exchange Ordinance of 1969 by the Government of Pakistan in response to the needs of the provincial metropolis of the province of Punjab. It initially had 83 members and was housed in a rented building in the crowded Bank Square area of Lahore. The number of listed companies has increased to 519 since its inception. With 37 sectors of the economy and 519 listed companies with total capital of Rs. 555.67 billion having market capitalization of around Rs. 3.64 trillion . The LSE has 152 members of which 81 are corporate, and 54 are individual members. The LSE was the first stock exchange in Pakistan to use the internet and currently 50% of its transactions are via the internet.

The Lahore Stock Exchange has opened branches in the industrial cities of Faisalabad and Sialkot for trading. The Sialkot branch is referred to as the "Sialkot Trading Floor".

LSE Index

LSE-25: The Lahore Stock Exchange Twenty Five company index also calculates the performance of stocks assuming that all rights issues and bonus share issues only increase the listed capital. In the case of bonuses or rights the prices of the shares are not adjusted as they are in the case of the LSETRI. However, the LSE25 assumes that dividends paid out by a component company are not reinvested. In summary, in the LSE25, no price adjustments are made when any component company issues cash dividends.

The Lahore Stock Exchange Total Return Index calculates the performance of stocks assuming that all payouts are reinvested in the index on the ex-date. The LSETRI assumes that if a component company issues bonus shares or announces a rights issue it will increase the listed capital. Additionally, the LSETRI also assumes that all pay-outs by a component company are 100% reinvested in the index. Therefore, the LSETRI is adjusted against such payouts announced by any of index constituents on its ex-date allowing the index value to remain comparable over time

Languages of Pakistan

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Languages of Pakistan
Official language(s)	English, Urdu
Main language(s)	Punjabi (44.15%), Pashto (15.42%), Sindhi (14.1%), Saraiki (10.53%), Urdu (7.57%), Balochi (3.57%)
Regional language(s)	Kashmiri; Saraiki; Potwari;
Minority language(s)	Burushaski; Kalash; Khowar; Shina; Balti; Brahui; Hindko.
Main immigrant language(s)	Arabic; Persian; Bengali; Gujarati; Memoni
Sign language(s)	Indo-Pakistani Sign Language

Most of the languages of Pakistan are part of the family of Indo-European languages and span the Indo-Iranian range of that family with the Indo-Aryan languages predominant in the east and the Iranian languages the most significant in the west as well as Dardic languages in the north and northwest.

History

Urdu, a standardized register of Hindustani, is the national language of Pakistan and has historical significance as a language developed during the Islamic conquests in the Indian Subcontinent during the period of the Mughal Empire and was chosen as a neutral language to unite the various groups of modern Pakistan. However, the language of the government and commerce is English. Most secondary educational institutes and almost all universities use English as the medium of instruction. Many other languages are spoken in Pakistan, including the following regional tongues from largest to smallest: Punjabi, Pashtu, Sindhi,Balochi, Seraiki (sometimes included within Punjabi, also called Seraiki, Sira'iki, Lahndi, Multani - from the city of Multan, Derawali, Southern Punjabi, and Western Punjabi), Hindko, Brahui, Burushaski, Balti, Shina, and Khowar (see Dardic languages). Brahui is a Dravidian language, its closest relatives being spoken primarily in southern India, far removed from Pakistan. Balti is Sino-Tibetan and Burushaski is a language isolate.

In addition, according to Ethnologue, Pakistan has a million speakers of Persian, a few of whom are refugees from Afghanistan (mainly Tajiks and Hazaras) whose dialects vary from the Hazaragi-speaking population, while others include an ethnic group called the Dehwaris. Smaller groups include the Uzbeks and there is a large Kashmiri speaking population, largely refugees as well who fled from the Vale of Kashmir.

Arabic and Persian are still taught as classical languages to a small number of students. Arabic is popular due to its religious significance, but some Pakistanis do not learn to speak Arabic beyond that required to read and recite Islamic prayers. Persian is an important literary language in Pakistan.

Azad Kashmir- languages spoken= Mirpuri-Hindko, Pashto, Urdu

Languages

According to the census, Pakistanis identified the following languages as their mother tongues [figures rounded to nearest percent]: Punjabi 44%, Pashto 15%, Sindhi 14%, Seraiki 11%, Urdu 8%, Balochi 4%, others 4%

The majority of Pakistanis can speak or understand two or more languages.

� Major languages

The official language of Pakistan is English. Urdu is the national language and lingua franca. ~44% speak Punjabi as a first language, 15% Pashto, and 31% other languages such as (Sindhi, Seraiki, Balochi, Hindkospoken in northern Pakistan and Azad Kashmir also Mirpuri (AJK), and Brahui.)

� Urdu (National Language)

Urdu is the national language, the lingua franca of the people. It is widely used, both formally and informally, for personal letters as well as public literature, in the literary sphere and in the popular media. It is a required subject of study in all primary and secondary schools. It is the first language of most Muhajir. Urdu is Pakistan's national language and has been promoted as a token of national unity, though less than 8% of Pakistanis speak it as their first language but it is spoken fluently as a second language by all literate Pakistanis. Urdu by origin is an "Islamic version" of Hindi language which was spoken for centuries in the neighborhood of Delhi and it was known as Western Hindi, Hindvi, Dehlvi, Reekhta and Hindustani. It is written in a modified form of the Arabic alphabet and its basically Indic vocabulary has been enriched by borrowings from Arabic, Persian, English and other Indian languages. Urdu has drawn inspiration from Persian literature and has now an enormous stock of words. The first poetry in Urdu was by the Persian poet Ameer Khusru (1253-1325) and the first Urdu book "Woh Majlis" was written in 1728 and the first time the word "Urdu" was used by Saraj-ud-din Aarzoo in 1751. Urdu was an official language in British India since 1835 and in India since 1947, where it is spoken by Muslim population, is one of the 15 national languages recognized by the constitution.

� English (Official Language)

English is the official language, being widely used within the government, by the civil service and the officer ranks of the military. Pakistan's Constitution and laws are written in English. Many schools, and nearly all colleges and universities, use English as the medium of instruction.

� Punjabi (Provincial Language)

Punjabi is spoken as a first language by ~44% of Pakistanis, mostly in Punjab as well as by a large number of people in Karachi. It is an important language since Punjabi is spoken by about half of Pakistanis. However, Punjabi does not have any official status in Pakistan. The exact numbers of Punjabi speakers in Pakistan is hard to find since there are many dialects/languages, such as Seraiki, which some regard as part of Punjabi and others regard as separate language. Punjabi is spoken by almost 60% of the population in Pakistan. The standard Punjabi dialects is from Lahore, Sialkot, Gujranwala and Sheikupura districts of the Pakistani Punjab which was used by Waris Shah (1722-1798) in his famous book "Heer" and is also now days langueage of Punjabi literature, film and music; such as Lollywood. Other dialects are Multani or Siraiki in West and South, Pothowari in North, Dogri in the mountain areas and Shahpuri in Sargodha area.

Punjabi is very old language and it was known as Sanskrit in Vedic-period (ca 4000 B.C.), Pali, Prakart and Upbharnash in Ashok-period (273-32 B.C.) and Hindvi, Lahori and Multani under Muslim period (711-1857). Punjabi literature was principally spiritual in nature and has had a very rich oral tradition. The Great Sufi/Saint poetry has been the folklore of the Punjab and still sung with great love in any part of Punjab.

In India it is the official language of the state of Punjab, and one of the 15 official languages recognized by the Indian constitution. It is also spoken in the neighboring states of Haryana and Himachal Pradesh. In addition about 25 percent of the people living in the New Delhi metropolitan area speak Punjabi in everyday life. All told, there are about 25 million speakers in India.

� Punjabi dialects:

� Majhi

This dialect is "the standard Punjabi language" and spoken in the heart of Punjab where most of the Punjabi population lives. The main districts are Lahore, Sheikhupura, Gujaranwala and Sialkot in Pakistani Punjab and Gurdaspur and Amritsar in Indian Punjab.

� Jhangvi or Jangli

This dialects is spoken in the central Pakistani Punjab, stretches from districts Khanewal to Jhang and includes Faisalabad and Chiniot.

� Shahpuri

This dialect is spoken in Sargodha, Khushab and Mandi Bahawaldin districts.

� Pothowari (regional language)

The area where Pothowari is spoken extends in the north from Azad Kashmir (Mirpur) to as far south as Jhelum, Gujar Khan, Chakwal and Rawalpindi.

� Hindko

This dialect is spoken in districts of Peshawar, Attock, Nowshehra, Mansehra, Abbotabad and Murree.

� Malwi

Spoken in the eastern part of Indian Punjab. Main districts are Ludhiana, Ambala, Bathinda, Ganganagar, Maleerkotla Fazilka, Ferozepur. Malwa is the southern and central part of present day Indian Punjab. Also includes the Punjabi speaking northern areas of Haryana, viz. Ambala, Hissar, Sirsa, Kurukhetra etc.

� Doabi (regional language)

The word "Do Aabi" means "the land between to rivers" and this dialects is spoken between the rivers of Beas and Sutlej. It includes Jalandhar and Hoshiarpur districts.

� Siraiki /Multani (regional language)

Siraiki or Multani (also Lehndi by some) and perhaps differs from Punjabi more than any other dialect. Multani becomes more and more different as you move down south, as the influence of Sindhi increases, it is also known as Siraiki there. Siraiki itself is Sindhi word and means northern. See the map of Siraiki language: Siraiki Area's City of Mulatn, Bahawalpur, Rahimyar Khan, Rajanpur, Dera Ghazi Khan, Bhakkar, Dera Ismail Khan, Khanewal, Muzafargarh, Sukkur, Jaccobabad, Layyah and Mianwali.

� Pashto (Provincial Language)

Pashto is spoken as a first language by 15% of Pakistanis, mostly in the North-West Frontier Province, Federally Administered Tribal Areas and in Balochistan as well as by immigrants to the eastern provinces who are often not counted due to census irregularities. Additionally, Afghan refugees are often outside the census count, but appear to be largely Pashto speakers from Afghanistan. Pashto speakers are almost 8% of Pakistani population and more than 50% in Afghanistan. Pashto has no written literary traditions although it has a rich oral tradition. There are two major dialect patterns within which the various individual dialects may be classified; these are Pakhto, which is the northern (Peshawar) variety, and the softer Pashto spoken in southern areas. Khushal Khan Khatak (1613-1689) and Rehman Baba (1633-1708) were some big poets in Pashto language.

� Sindhi (Provincial Language)

Sindhi is spoken as a first language by 14% of Pakistanis, in Sindh and parts of Balochistan. Sindhi has very rich literature and is used in schools. Sindhi langugae contains Arabic words and is affected by Arabic language to a great extent. The reason being Arab ruled Sindh for more than 150 years. Muhammad bin Qasim entered Sindh and conquered it in 712 AD. He remained here for three years and set up Arabic rule in the area. According to historians, the social fabric of Sindh comprises elements of Arabic society. Sindhi is spoken in Pakistan and is also one of the constitutional languages of India. It is spoken by about 20 million people in the southern Pakistani province of Sindh, Southern Pakistan, and by about 2� million more across the border in India. In Pakistan it is written in the Arabic script with several additional letters to accommodate special sounds. The largest Sindhi-speaking city is Hyderabad, Pakistan. Sindhi literature is also spiritual in nature and Shah Abdul Latif Bhattai (1689-1752) was one of its legendry poet who wrote Sassi Punnu, Umar Marwi in his famous book "Shah jo Rasalo".

� Seraiki (Regional Language)

Seraiki is related to Punjabi and Sindhi (See Classification, below) Spoken as a first language by 11% of Pakistanis, mostly in southern districts of Punjab (see Seraikis). All most 10% of the population of Pakistan speak Siraiki language. Dialects tend to blend into each other, into Punjabi to the east, and Sindhi to the south. Until recently it was considered to be a dialect of Punajbi. 85% lexical similarity with Sindhi; 68% with Odki and Sansi. Dialects are Derawali, Khatki, Jangli or Jatki and Riasti or Bahawalpuri.

� Balochi (Provincial Language)

Balochi is spoken as a first language by 4% of Pakistanis, mostly in Balochistan, Sindh and southern Punjab. Baluchi language is spoken by almost 3% of the Pakistani population and is very close to the Persian language itself. The name BALUCHI or BALOCHI is not found before the 10th Century. It is believed that the language was brought to its present location in a series of migrations from Northern Iran, near the Caspian Shores. Rakshani is the major dialect group in terms of numbers. Sarhaddi, is a sub dialect of Rakshani. Other sub - dialects are qalati, Chagai-kharani, Panjguri. Eastern Hill Baluchi or Northern Baluchi is very different from the rest.

� Gujarati (Regional Language)

Gujarati is spoken by 100,000 Pakistanis who reside in Lower Punjab and Sindh. All Parsi (5,000), many Ismaili Muslims, and many Hindus (10,000 to 100,000) speak Gujarati. Many Parsi and Ismaili Muslims are literate in Gujarati.

� Other languages

Numerous other languages are spoken by relatively small numbers of people, especially in some of the more remote and isolated places in, for example, the Northern Areas of Pakistan [1]. These inlude: 1) Burshaski - Spoken in Hunza 2) Shina - spoken in Baltistan 3) Khowar - Spoken is Chitral 4) Kalash - spoken the Kalash Valley

� Indo-Aryan

Most of Pakistan's languages are Indo-Aryan languages (80%). However, nearly all of Pakistan's languages are Indo-European languages.

� Lahnda dialects

Punjabi, Hindko and Seraiki, all mutually intelligible, are classified by linguists as dialects of Lahnda [2], also spelled as Lehnda. These are also, to a lesser extent, mutually intelligible with Urdu. Added together, speakers of these mutually-intelligible languages make up nearly two-thirds of Pakistan's population. Seraiki also is similar to the Sindhi language.

� Iranian family of languages

Pashto and Balochi are classified as members of the Iranian family of languages. [3] If combined, Iranian peoples who speak Pashto, Balochi, Dari (Afghan refugees speak both Pashto and Afghan Persian dialect of Dari), Persian, and Wakhi comprise over 20% of the population of Pakistan. Persian was official language of Muslim states for more than thousand years before the British colonial rule. It is taught and understood in many schools in Pakistan.

� Semitic

Arabic is widely taught and understood in Pakistan. The Arabic is language of Islam and nearly all Pakistani children learn it in schools or Madrasahs (religious schools).

� Dravidian

Brahui belongs to the Dravidian language family. Brahui is a major language of western Pakistan. Brahui is heavily influenced by Baluchi and Sindhi, languages in which many Brahui speakers are necessarily bilingual. Although its Dravidian descent is still obvious, Brahui now has rather few inherited Dravidian words in its lexicon

Major Cities of Pakistan

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Lahore

Lahore is the Capital of the province of Punjab and the second largest city of Pakistan. Lahore is Pakistan's cultural, educational and artistic capital. Lahore is an ancient city and its history dates back to 630 AD. It was at its most glorious during the Mughal rule and has some of the best examples of Mughal architecture in South Asia. Also seen in Lahore are some fine colonial buildings of the British Era. Most of the Mughal monuments are located in and around the old city of Lahore which had twelve gates and a wall around it. Although most of the wall is gone, some gates are still there. The old city is still very alive and vibrant with a maze of narrow roads, lanes and bustling bazaars. Lahore has expanded immensely over the last 50 years and is still growing

Karachi

is the biggest City of Pakistan with a population of more than 140 million.Karachi is Pakistan�s bustling center of commerce and industry, the largest metropolis offers a variety of pleasant attractions: wide sunny beaches, deep-sea fishing, yachting, golf and horse racing all year. There are posh and inexpensive hotels and a variety of eating places, from Pakistani food to Western and European cuisine. Its markets and bazaars offer an endless variety of exciting shopping including indigenous handicrafts, particularly rugs and carpets of rare design and beauty. Karachi also has a number of tourist attractions and landmarks. Most of the international airlines operate their direct flights to many destinations in the world from the Quaid-e-Azam International Airport.

Islamabad

The decision to build Islamabad was taken in 1958 under President Ayub Khan . Karachi, the capital since Independence in 1947, and Pakistan's largest city and only port, proved unsatisfactory because of its distance from many parts of the country and because of its debilitating climate. Islamabad on the other hand, offered a healthy climate, plenty of water and a central position on the Grand Trunk Road, close to Punjab and North-West Frontier Province. That nearby Rawalpindi was the headquarters of the Pakistan army was another consideration. Finally the site had historical connections because of its proximity to nearby Taxila, for many centuries the regions main city.

Faisalabad
is the third largest city of Pakistan which is located in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. It was formerly known as Lyallpur. Estimated population of the city is 2.6 million. The entire district had a population of about 5.4 million in 1998[1]. It is an important industrial centre located in the Punjab province, west of Lahore. The city-district of Faisalabad is bound on the north by the districts of Gujranwala and Sheikhupura, on the east by Sahiwal, on the south by Toba Tek Singh and on the west by Jhang.

Multan,

in the lower Punjab, is claimed to be the oldest surviving city on the subcontinent, dating back some 4000 years. Once an important centre of Islam, it has since attracted more mystics, holy men and saints than you can shake a shalwar qamiz at. Today, Multan is dominated by their tombs and shrines, a fort that affords superlative views over the city, and one of the best bazaars in Pakistan - those not converted by Anita Roddick might like to snap up the skin potion, made from

lizards, which is said to be an excellent revitaliser.

It's a 570km (353mi) trek down to Multan from Islamabad. Buses and minbuses descend on Multan from a variety of destinations including Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Faisalabad and Hyderabad, dropping passengers off at the chaotic general bus station. Trains (a more comfortable way to travel) shuffle between Lahore, Karachi, and Rawalpindi.

About 966 km from Karachi and more or less right in the centre of the country lies the ancient city of Multan. Multan, the 'City of Pirs and Shrines' is a prosperous city of bazaars, mosques, shrines and superbly designed tombs. It is also a city of dust, summer heat and beggars. It has a long history. Alexander the Great added it to his list of Indus conquests.

Peshawar:

capital of, North-West Frontier province, Pakistan. The city lies just west of the Bara River, a tributary of the Kabul River, near the Khyber Pass.
The Shahji-ki Dheri mounds, situated to the east, cover ruins of the largest Buddhist stupa in the subcontinent (2nd century AD), which attest the lengthy association of the town with Buddha and the religion founded about him.

The city was known variously as Parasawara and Purusapura (town, or abode, of Purusa). Also called Begram, the present name, Peshawar (pesh awar, "frontier town"), is ascribed to Akbar, the Mughal emperor of India (1556-1605).
A great historic centre of transit-caravan trade with Afghanistan and Central Asia, Peshawar is today connected by the Grand Trunk Road and rail with Lahore, Rawalpindi, Hyderabad, and Karachi and by air with Rawalpindi, Chitral, and Kabul, Afghanistan.
Peshawar's historic buildings include Bala Hissar, a fort built by the Sikhs on the ruins of the state residence of the Durranis, which was destroyed by them after the battle of Nowshera; Gor Khatri, once a Buddhist monastery and later a sacred Hindu temple, which stands on an eminence in the east and affords a panoramic view of the entire city; the pure white mosque of Mahabat Khan (1630), a remarkable monument of Mughal architecture; Victoria memorial hall; and Government House. Pop. (1981) town, 566,248; metropolitan area, 1,084,347.

Sargodha

is a rail junction and trade centre for an area producing grains, cotton, citrus fruits, and oil-seed. include engineering plants, a steel mill, and cotton, rice, flour, and oil-seed mills. As the headquarters of a colony that grew up around a branch of the Lower Jhelum Canal, the city developed quickly in the early 20th century.

Sargodha is one of three "planned cities"in Pakistan(other two are *Faisalabad and (Capital of Pakistan) *Islamabad) Just over a century back, there was a well owned by a hindu named "Goodha",well was known as "Gool Khuuh"(round well), and travellers used it as a resting place. When the wheel of time turned the well was eventually out of use and a market evolved around it There is a market at the place where "Gool Khuuh" used to exist and a grand mosque above the market and it is known as "Goal Chowk", which is the center of downtown Sargodha today. Sargodha was a small town in early British Raj but due to its geophysical location British Royal Air Force set up an airport here which took greater importance after partition for the Pakistan Air Force. Shahpur which is now a tehsil of district sargodha was the district at that time. Most part of the tehsil Sillanwali and Kirana Pahari region were part of district Jhang and were included later during British Raj in district Sargodha.

Divisional Headquarter
Sargodha is a divisional headquarter of the Sargodha Division. Sargodha division has following districts:

Rivers of Pakistan

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Pakistan, a Muslim country located in South Asia, is blessed with so many rivers. These rivers are used for the purpose of irrigations and drinking. Some of the important rivers are as under:

INDUS RIVER:
The Indus River is the longest and most important river in Pakistan. The River Indus originating in the Tibetan plateau flows through the Northern Areas, Jammu and
Kashmir, and through the Northern and Southern directions of the entire country and then merges into the Arabian Sea near Karachi, Pakistan. The total length of the river is 3200 km and its total drainage area is 450,000 square miles. The estimated annual flow of the river stands around 207 cubic km.The Indus River is largely feed by the snow and glaciers of Karakoram, Hindu Kush and Himalaya ranges of Tibet, Kashmir and Northern Areas of Pakistan. Kabul River joins it near Attock. After passing through Attock, its route to the sea is in plains of Punjab and Sindh. Together with the five rivers of Punjab, River Kabul, the Indus forms the Septa Sindhu (seven rivers) in the province of Sindh. It has 20 major tributaries. The Indus provides the key water resources for the economy of Pakistan. It is the official and national River of Pakistan.

KABUL RIVER

The Kabul River rises in the Sanglakh range in Afghanistan, 45 miles west of Kabul and passes through the cities of Chaharbagh, Jalalabad and flow into Pakistan some 30 km north of the Khyber Pass, Nowshera. It flows 700 km before joining the Indus River near Attock. The major tributaries of the Kabul River are the Lugar, Panjsher, Kunar and Alingar rivers. Its largest tributary is the Kunar River. The Kunar River meets the Kabul River near Jalalabad. The Kabul River valley is a natural route for traveling between Afghanistan and Pakistan. Alexander the great of Macedonia used it to invade India in 4th century B.C.

SWAT RIVER
The Swat River flows through the valley of Kalam from the Hindu Kush Mountains. The Swat River joins the River Kabul near Charsadda, in Peshawar valley. The Swat River irrigates large areas of Swat District and contributes to the fishing industry of the region. Ayub Bridge is one of the attractions for visitors. The scenery attracts many tourists from all over Pakistan during the summer. The total length of the river is 250 km from Kalam to the River Kabul. Many large and small tributaries like Gahil, Daral, Mankial, Barwai and Marghazar etc. join the river along its course. There are two main hydro-electric projects on canals from the Swat River which generate electricity for local usages. The River Swat plays an important role in the economic life of the valley.

GOMAL RIVER
The Gomal River rises from South-east of Ghazni, Afghanistan flowing into Pakistan. The Gomal River surrounds South Waziristan agency forms the boundary between the North West Frontier Province and Baluchistan. From South Waziristan, the river enters the Gomal valley in District Tank, NWFP. The water of the River Gomal is used for cultivation in Gomal valley. The river passes then through the Damman plains in Kulachi Tehsil and later on through Dera Ismail Khan.

Festivals in Pakistan

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Shab-e-Barat :

It is a religious festival celebrated on 14th of Shaaban, the 8th Islamic month. Eventually, it happens to be just 15 days ahead of Ramadan, the holiest period of Islamic faith. The night of Shab-e-Barat symbolizes a night of forgiveness. During this time people usually pray to God in preparation of the holy Ramadan and also for forgiving all their previous sins.
The festival of Shab-e-Barat is celebrated by Muslims all over the world with a great deal of enthusiasm. However, this festival is known to be among the more popular festivals that are celebrated in Pakistan. The festival of Shab-e-Barat is renowned for its famous celebrations. This festival is essentially celebrated in night; the sky gets brightened as a result of dazzling fireworks. Houses and streets are also enlightened by candles and electric bulbs. Various types of sweets and other desserts are distributed at random in the night, and also sent to friends and relatives. Some persons are also known to spend their time in charity works during this time.
A very popular Islamic belief is that if someone prays to Allah (God) all through the night of this festival, he might be forgiven for all his sins. Some people also visit the mosques to offer prayer and practice meditation. Even, some Muslims are known to offer the optional Namaz during the late hours.

Eid-ul-Fitr :

This religious festival is celebrated on 1st of Shawwal, the 10th month of Islamic Calendar. Eid-ul-Fitr starts the day after Ramadan (the Islamic holy month of fasting) ends, and is verified by the sighting of the new moon. It is a joyous occasion with important religious significance. It is a day of forgiveness, moral victory, peace of congregation, fellowship, brotherhood and unity. Muslims celebrate not only the end of fasting but also thank God for the self control and strength that Muslims believe God gave them. It is a time of giving and sharing, and many Muslims dress in holiday attire.
Eid-ul-Fitr is called "The Lesser Eid” compared to the Eid-ul-Adha is called "The Greater Eid”. On the day of the celebration, a typical Muslim family awakes very early, does the first everyday prayer, and is required to eat a little symbolizing the end of Ramadan. They then attend special congregational prayers held in mosques, large open areas, stadiums and arenas. The prayer is generally short and is followed by a sermon .Worshippers greet and embrace each other with hugs in a spirit of peace and love after the congregational prayer.After the special prayers festivities and merriment are commonly observed with visits to the homes of relatives and friends to thank God for all blessings.

Eid-ul-Adha:

This religious festival celebrated on 10th of Zilhaj, 12th month of Islamic Calendar by Muslims as a commemoration of Ibrahim s (Abraham s) willingness to sacrifice his son as was commanded by Allah. It is one of two Eid festivals celebrated by Muslims whose basis comes from the Quran. Like Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Adha begins with a short prayer followed by a sermon.
Eid-ul-Adha annually falls on the 10th day of the month of Dhul Hijja of the lunar Islamic calendar. Eid-ul-Adha occurs the day after the pilgrims conducting Hajj, the annual pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi Arabia.

Monuments of Pakistan

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Hiran Minar:-

Hiran Minar is set in peaceful environs in Sheikhupura. It was constructed by Emperor Jehangir as a monument to Mansraj, one of his pet deers.The structure consists of a large, almost-square water tank with an octagonal pavilion in its center, built during the reign of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan; a causeway with its own gateway connects the pavilion with the mainland and a 100-foot-high minar, or minaret.At the center of each side of the tank, a brick ramp slopes down to the water, providing access for royal animals and wild game. The minar itself was built by Emperor Jahangir in 1606 to honor the memory of a pet hunting antelope named Mansraj.Unique features of this particular complex are the antelope’s grave and the distinctive water collection system. At each corner of the tank is a small square building and a subsurface water collection system which supplied the tank; only one of these water systems is extensively exposed today.Another special feature of Hiran Minar is its location and environment: the top of the minar is perhaps the best place in the province of Punjab to get a feel for the broader landscape and its relationship to a Mughal site.

Zamzama Gun:-

The Zamzama Gun, also known as the Bhangianwala Toap or Kim’s Gun, is a large bore cannon. It was cast in 1757, in what was then Colonial India, now Lahore. It is currently displayed in front of the Lahore Museum in Lahore.

Minar-e-Pakistan:-

Minar-e-Pakistan or Yadgaar-e-Pakistan a tall minaret in Iqbal Park Lahore was built in commemoration of the Lahore Resolution. The minaret reflects a blend of Mughal and modern architecture, and is constructed on the site where on March 23, 1940 seven years before the formation of Pakistan, the Muslim League passed the Lahore Resolution (Qarardad-e-Lahore), demanding the creation of Pakistan. This was the first official declaration to establish a separate homeland for the Muslims living in the subcontinent. Every year Pakistan celebrates this day as a national day.The monument attracts visitors from all over Pakistan as well as the inhabitants of the Walled City of Lahore. The large public space around the monument is commonly used for political and public meetings, whereas Iqbal Park area is ever popular among kite-flyers.

National Monument:-

The National Monument in Islamabad, Pakistan is a national monument representing the four provinces and three territories of Pakistan. After a competition among many renowned architects, Arif Masood’s plan was selected for the final design. The blooming flower shape of the monument represents Pakistan’s progress as a rapidly developing country. The four main petals of the monument represent the four provinces (Balochistan,the North West Frontier Province, Punjab, and Sindh), while the three smaller petals represent the Northern Areas, Azad Kashmir and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas.The Monument has been designed to reflect the culture and civilization of the country and also depicts the story of the Pakistan Movement, dedicated to those who sacrificed themselves for future generations. The reddish granite marble

Historical Gates of Pakistan

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Bhati Gate (Lahore):-

Bhati Gate is named after the Bhattis, an ancient Rajput tribe, which invaded the quarters in old times.A museum is also located near Bhati gate, where there is a number of ancient remains of different old times. Old house of famous poet and philosopher (Allama Mohammad Iqbal) is also located in Bhati gate. He used to live here when he was doing his graduation. An old school named Victorian school is also located here; it is given the name Victoria after the name of Queen Victoria. People of Bhati gate are lively and they love to eat heavy and good food mainly Sri pai, halva puri and lasi. The favorite sport among the people here is wrestling.

Delhi Gate (Lahore):-

The Delhi gate is named as Delhi gate because of its opening on the high road from Delhi to Lahore. A big cloth market is located around Delhi gate. It is a big retail market of clothes. A variety of other shops are also located near the Delhi gate, known as “Chota bazar ".

Kashmiri Gate (Lahore):-

The Kashmiri gate, so named, because it faces the direction of Kashmir. A big retail market of children shoes is located in this gate. There is a big beautiful girls college built in an old haveli of a shah, which is a beautiful example of Mughal architecture.

Masti Gate(Lahore):-

The Masti gate, the name is the corruption of “Masjidi” or pertaining to a mosque. The people here love to eat heavy food and there are many shops of foodstuffs located here. Milk shops of this area are very famous and the milk available here is full of taste as they add many things to it, which make its taste better than the original milk.

Lahori Gate (Lahore):-

This gate is commonly known as the Lohari gate. When the city was rebuild by Malik Ayaz during the time of Mahmood, the quarter of the city first populated was about this gate, which together with Lahori mandi was named after the city.A beautiful mosque, named as Muslim Masjid, is also located near this gate. Biggest optical market of Lahore is also located here. Many flower shops are situated here, where flowers of every kind and specie are available. The tomb of Qutb-ud -Din Aibak is also situated in Lahori gate, adjacent to Anarkali bazar.

Sheranwala Gate (Lahore):-

Sheranwala Gate is also known as “Khizri gate ", The river in former times, followed by the city walls and the ferry, was near this part. The gate was, therefore, named as Khiziri after the name of Khizz Elias, the patron saint according to the Mohammedan belief. Ranjit Singh kept here two domesticated lions in a cage, and the gate came to be called as “Sheranwala gate" Or “Lion’s gate".

Tombs in Pakistan

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Quaid’s Tomb:-
Mazar-e-Quaid refers to the mausoleum of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. It is an iconic symbol of Karachi throughout the world. The mausoleum, situated at the heart of the city, was completed in 1960s.It is made up of white marbles with curved Moorish arches and copper grills reset on an elevated 54 square meters platform. The cool inner sanctum reflects the green of a four-tiered crystal chandelier gifted by the people of China.

Allama Iqbal’s Tomb:-
Outside the Badshahi Mosque (Lahore), near its steps, lies the tomb of Allama Iqbal, the poet- philosopher of the East. The mausoleum is a mixture of Afghan and Moonsh styles of architecture and is constructed entirely of red sandstone.

Jahangir’s Tomb:-
The tomb of the fourth great Mughal Emperor Jahangir lies 5 km north-west of Lahore across the River Ravi. It has a majestic structure made up of red sand-stone and marble. The outer entrance to the tomb opens out into a court-yard which was used as a caravan Serai during Mughal times. An entrance to the right leads into a Mughal Garden with exact geometrical patterns balancing each side. The marble tomb is approached from four corridors leading from the Garden. The marble grave is elaborately inlaid with floral designs and the 99 Attributes of Allah are inscribed on its two sides. On the top is a verse from the Holy Quran. The tomb was built by Queen Noor Jehan and the Emperor’s son Shah-Jehan around 1637 A.D.

Sohni’s Tomb:-
The Tomb of Sohni in Shahdapur city, Sindh is 75 km from (Hyderabad). According to the legend, the bodies of Sohni Mahiwal were recovered from river Indus near Shahdapur and hence are buried there.

Noor Jahan’s Tomb:-
The Empress Noor Jahan, "Light of the world", was the only Empress whose name appeared on the coins of the Mughal empire. She was buried in 1645 A.D. at Shahdara (Lahore) outside Jehangir’s mausoleum across the railway line.Her tomb once had a marble cenotaph which she had built herself during her life time. After the decline of Mughal rule, the tomb suffered extensive damages along with her husband’s tomb at the hands of Sikh marauders when they gained power during the early part of nineteenth century. Both were stripped of most of its original beauty and splendour. All treasures and tiles, it is said, were carted off to decorate the Golden Temple at Amritsar India.

Asif Khan’s Tomb:-
The tomb of Asif Khan, Jahangir’s brother-in-law and father of Shah Jahan’s beloved Queen Arjumand Bano,is on the opposite (west) side of the Akbari Sarai.A passage on the left of handsome red sandstone mosque that stands opposite the gate of the Jahangir’s Tomb, leads to Asif khan’s Tomb.

Forts of Pakistan

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Royal Fort Lahore:-

The Lahore Fort, locally referred to as Shahi Qila, is located in the north-western corner of Lahore, adjacent to the Walled City. In 1981, the fort was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site along with the Shalimar Gardens. Although most parts of the Royal Fort were constructed around 1566 A.D. by the Mughal Emperor, Akbar the Great, there is evidence that a mud fort was in existence here in 1021 A.D. as well, when Mahmood of Ghazna invaded this area. Akbar demolished the old mud fort and constructed most of the modern Fort, as we see it today, on the old foundations. The part of the wall of the Elephant Steps towards the Fort’s inner gate are scarred by bullet marks, bearing testimony to the Sikh Civil War of 1847 A.D.

Rawat Fort:-

Rawat Fort is located 17 km east of Rawalpindi, on the Grand Trunk (G.T) Road leading to Lahore. Gakkhars, a fiercely independent tribe of the Potohar Plateau built the fort in early 16th century. The grave of a Gakkhar Chief, Sultan Sarang Khan is located inside the fort. He died in 1546 AD while fighting against the forces of Sher Shah Suri. While dares to climb the broken steps inside the tomb, one may get a panoramic view of the plateau and the Mankiala Stupa.

Pharwala Fort:-

Pharwala is an historic Fort located about 40 km from Rawalpindi in Kahuta, Punjab. Its one side is naturally defended by a small Himalayan range and the other by the Swaan River.It is a Gakhar fort built in the 15th century on the ruins of a 10th century Hindi Shahi Fort.The Mughal Emperor, Babar conquered the fort in 1519, however, after the Mughals reconciled with the Gakhars, the fort was returned to them. Later in 1825, Sikhs expelled Gakhars from this fort.

Rohtas Fort:-

Rohtas Fort is 109 km from Rawalpindi. It is located about 6 km south-west of Dina Town. The fort is one of the most impressive historical monuments in Pakistan. It was built by Afghan ruler Sher Shah Suri, between 1540 and 1547 AD. It served as a huge fortified base for military operations against Gakkhars by Sher Shah Suri. It was later used by Mughal emperor Akbar and Sikhs. Within the huge terraced rampart walls with robust bastions and twelve gates, is located another fortress, palaces and ancillary buildings.

Attock Fort:-

It is situated about 101 km west of Islamabad on the left bank of Indus River. The fort was completed in 1583 under the supervision of Khawaja Shamsuddin Khawafi, a minister of Emperor Akbar. The Mughal caravan sarai outside the fort, which is almost on the G.T. Road, was also built during this period.

Multan Fort:-

Multan Fort was built on a mound separating it from the city by the old bed of river Ravi. Its date cannot be fixed with accuracy. When intact, its circumference was 6,600 ft. having 46 bastions.

Famous Mosques of Pakistan

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Shah Faisal Mosque:-
This beautiful mosque designed by a renowned Turkish Architect, Vedat Dalokay, is named after the late King Faisal of Saudi Arabia. It is spread over 1, 89,705 sq.meters with 88 meters high minarets and 40 meters high main prayer hall. The main prayer hall can accommodate 10,000 persons while the covered porticos and verandahs can take over 24,000 worshipers. The main courtyard has space for 40,000 people.

Badshahi Mosque:-
The Royal or the Badshahi Mosque is across the courtyard from Alamgiri Gate of the Lahore Fort. The Mosque, entirely made up of red sand-stone, was built by Emperor Aurangzeb, the last of the great Mughals, in a record time of two and-a-half years. Its construction was completed by 1674 A.D. It has a beautiful gate-way which measures 21.33 meters in length and a courtyard that measures 161.5 x 160.6 meters and is said to be the largest mosque courtyard in the world for outdoor prayers.

Golden Mosque:-
Suneri Mosque or Golden Mosque is located in the center of Lahore, Punjab. The founder of the mosque was Nawab Syed Bhikari Khan, son of Raushan-ud-Daula Turrabaz Khan, deputy governor of Lahore during the reign of Muhammad Shah. The Golden Mosque is situated in the Kashmiri Bazar.It was built in 1753 AD.It features three beautiful golden domes.The mosque is elevated on a higher plinth, surrounded by old bazaars. It has a beautiful gateway, which measures 21.3 meters in length and a courtyard that measures 161.5 x 160.6 meters. The marble domes cover seven prayer chambers. Four lofty minarets stand at the four corners of the mosque, each with an outer circumference of 20 meters, soaring up to 54 meters.

Dai Anga Mosque:-
The mosque of Dai Anga was built during the reign of Shah Jahan in 1635 A.D. by his Dai (wet-nurse) Anga and is known after her name. Her real name was Zeb-un-Nisa. It is related that Dai Anga had this beautiful mosque built on the eve of her departure for Hajj. The mosque contains some of the finest examples of tile mosaic work among numerous contemporary examples in Lahore.

Wazir Khan Mosque:-
Wazir Khan Mosque in Lahore is famous for its extensive faience tile work.It has been described as “a mole on the cheek of Lahore”. It was built in seven years, starting around 1634-1635 A.D., during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. It was built by Sheikh Ilm-ud-din Ansari, a native of Chiniot, who rose to be the court physician to Shah Jahan and later the Governor of Lahore. He was commonly known as Wazir Khan. (The word Wazir means minister in Urdu language.) The mosque is located inside the Inner city and is easiest accessed from Delhi Gate.

Shah Jahan’s Mosque:-
Shah Jahan’s Mosque situated on Thatta’s outs tricks, is representative of Muslim architec

Transportation in Pakistan

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Pakistan Transport Network

Transportation in Pakistan is extensive and varied but still in its developing stages and serving a population of over 170 million people. Construction of new airports, roads, and railway are providing an employment boost in the country. Much of Pakistan's road network (National Highways) and railway network were built before 1947, during the British Raj. In recent years, new national highways have been built, with the addition of motorways. Airports and seaports have been built recently within the last 30 years.

Rail

Pakistan Railways

Lahore Railway Station

Karakoram Express departing to Lahore from Karachi Cantt. Station

Rawalpindi Railway Station

Domestic

Rail services in Pakistan are provided by the state-run Pakistan Railways, under the supervision of the Ministry of Railways. Pakistan Railways provides an important mode of transportation in Pakistan, catering to the large-scale movement of people and freight. The railway network comprises 8,163 km^[1] of which 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) (broad gauge) forms 7,718 km including 293 km of electrified track. Template:Rail Gauge narrow gauge tracks form the remaining 445 km. Passenger earnings comprise of 50% of the total revenue. During 1999-2000 this amounted to Rs. 4.8 billion.^{[citation needed]} Pakistan Railways carry 65 million passengers annually and daily operates 228 mail, express and passenger trains.^{[citation needed]} Pakistan Railways also operate special trains for various occasions. The Freight Business Unit with 12000 personnel operates over 200 freight stations on the railway network. The FBU serves the Port of Karachi and Port Qasim as well as in various other stations along the network and generates revenue from the movement of agricultural, industrial and imported products such as wheat, coal, fertilizer, cement, and sugar. About 39% of the revenue is generated from the transportation of petroleum, 19% from imported wheat, fertilizer and rock phosphate. The remaining 42% is earned from domestic traffic.^{[citation needed]} The freight rates structure is based on market trends in road transport which is the main competitor to rail transport.

Mass Transit

The Karachi Circular Railway, which opened in the early 1940s, is the only functioning Mass Transit System in Pakistan as of date. In 1976, Karachi was slated to begin work on an underground metro system, but plans have been put on hold since. The Lahore Metro is another proposal still in planning and is scheduled to be completed by 2020.

International

Iran - A broad gauge railway line runs from Zahedan to Quetta, and a standard gauge line is finished from Zahedan to Kerman in central Iran, linking with the rest of the Iranian rail network. On May 18, 2007, a MOU for rail cooperation was signed by Pakistan and Iran under which the line will be completed by December 2008. Now that the rail systems are linked up at Zahedan, there is a break-of-gauge between the Islamic Republic of Iran Railways standard gauge tracks and Pakistan Railways broad gauge.^[2]

Afghanistan - Currently there is no rail link to Afghanistan since no railway network is present in that country, however Pakistan Rail has proposed to help build a Afghani Rail Network in three phases. The first phase will stretch from the Chaman to Spin Boldak in Afghanistan. The second phase will extend line to Kandahar and the third phase will eventually connect to Herat. From there, the line will be extended to Khushka, Turkmenistan. The final phase would link 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) gauge with Central Asian 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+⁷⁄₈ in) gauge. It is not clear where the break-of-gauge station will be.^[3] The proposed line will also be connected the port town of Gwadar via Dalbadin and Taftan, thus connecting the port town to Central Asia.

China - There is no link with China however, on February 28, 2007 contracts were awarded for feasibility studies on a proposed line from Havelian via the Khunjerab pass at 4730 m above sea level, to the Chinese railhead at Kashgar, a distance of about 750 km.^[4]

Turkey - A proposed Istanbul-Tehran-Islamabad passenger rail service was proposed recently. . Meanwhile a container train service was launched by the Prime Minister of Pakistan Yousuf Raza Gilani between Islamabad and Istanbul on 14 August 2009. The first train carried 20 containers with a capacity of around 750 t (738 LT; 827 ST) and will travel 6,500 km (4,000 mi) from Islamabad, through Tehran, Iran and on to Istanbul in two weeks' time.^[7] According to the Minister for Railways Ghulam Ahmad Bilour, after the trial of the container train service, a passenger train will be launched. There are also hopes the route will eventually provide a link to Europe and Central Asia, and carry passengers.

Turkmenistan - via Afghanistan Road

National Highways, Motorways & Strategic Roads of Pakistan.

Makran Coastal Highway enroute Gwadar

The Grand Trunk Road towards Karian

M2: Lahore to Islamabad

National Highways

During the 1990s, Pakistan began an ongoing project to rebuild all national highways throughout the country specifically to important financial, cargo and textile centers. The National Highway Authority or NHA is responsible for the maintenance of all national highways in Pakistan.

The Makran Coastal Highway follows the coast of Sindh and Balochistan provinces, linking Karachi and Gwadar. Journey time has been reduced to six or seven hours with the construction of the new Coastal Highway. The highway was built as part of an overall plan to improve transport facilities in southern Balochistan.

The Karakoram Highway is the highest paved international road in the world. It connects China and Pakistan across the Karakoram mountain range, through the Khunjerab Pass.

The Grand Trunk Road (commonly abbreviated to GT Road) is one of South Asia's oldest and longest major roads. For several centuries, it has linked the eastern and western regions of the South Asia, running from Bengal, across north India, into Peshawar in Pakistan.

The Silk Road is an extensive interconnected network of trade routes across the Asian continent connecting East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean world, including North Africa and Europe. It passes through the mid section of Pakistan through cities: Peshawar, Taxila and Multan.

Motorways

The construction of motorways began in the early 1990s with the idea building a world class road network and to reduce the load off the heavily used national highways throughout the country. The M2 was the first motorway completed in 1998, linking the cities of Islamabad and Lahore. In the past 5 years, many new motorways have opened up including the M1, M3.

Total: 257,683 km
- Paved: 152,033 km (including 339 km of expressways)
- Unpaved: 105,650 km (2001)
- Vehicles on road: 4.2 million vehicles 250,000 commercial vehicles (2004 estimate)

Waterways

Airports and Seaports of Pakistan

The waterway network in Pakistan is in its infancy with Karachi being the only major city situated next to the Arabian Sea. Still plans are being proposed for the development of the waterways in the country along the Indus River and through the Punjab as it would boost employment opportunities and the economic and social development of Pakistan.

Port of Gwadar - Gwadar, Balochistan
Port of Karachi - Karachi City Center
Port Qasim - East Karachi
Port of Pasni - Pasni, Balochistan

Air transport

Jinnah International Airport, Karachi

Allama Iqbal International Airport, Lahore

Pakistan has 139 airports. The main airport include:

Jinnah International Airport (Karachi)
Allama Iqbal International Airport (Lahore)
Benazir Bhutto International Airport (Islamabad)
Peshawar International Airport
Quetta International Airport
Faisalabad International Airport
Multan International Airport
Sialkot International Airport
Gwadar International Airport

There are also several smaller airports which have flights to and from the Gulf because of the large Pakistani diaspora working in the region. There are 91 airports with paved runways of which 14 have runways longer than 3,047 meters. The remaining 48 airports have unpaved runways including one airport with a runway longer than 3,047 meters. Pakistan also has eighteen heliports.

Local Transport

Air-conditioned Daewoo City Bus

The Flying Coach mini-vans are fast and cheap ways to travel within the city as well as out of city

Since 1999, the number of brands and vareities of motorbikes and scooters have substantially increased to suit all budgets and sizes.

In urban areas there are several means of transport available, catering to a wide range of budgets.

Buses

Domestic

Within cities, buses provide a significant role in commuting a large population from one point in a city to another. There are two main owners that are able to run bus services: government or private. The Flying Coach are private run yellow and white vans that run services throughout the city to get commuters from one point in the city to the other. These are also referred to as "mini-buses" as the are smaller versions of the coaches that carry less people and get commuters to their destinations more quickly.

Since 2000, the government has taken a comprehensive initiative to modernize the existing bus fleets and minimally impact the environment. This public-private enterprise would gradually introduce 8,000 CNG buses throughout the country and 800 buses in Karachi. This venture will ensure high standards of efficiency and cleanliness^[10].

Inter City

Bus service in urban areas and between cities is well established with services run by both public and private sectors. Bus services like Daewoo Express, Kohistan, Skyway and Niazi Bus have set up modern intercity service in Pakistan which connects to most cities in Pakistan and runs 24 hours a day. Intercity buses tend to be more modern and well kept as compared to urban transport within cities which are also well established, however the fleet of buses used tend to be in horrible shape and are not air-conditioned.

International

International bus services are also well established in Pakistan and connect to various countries:

Quetta - Zahidan, Iran
Quetta - Mashad, Iran
Gwadar - Zahidan, Iran (2010)
Karachi - Quetta - Zahidan - Tehran, Iran (proposed)
Peshawar - Jalalabad, Afghanistan
Peshawar - Kabul, Afghanistan
Islamabad - Dushanbe, Uzbekistan
Islamabad - Kashghar, China
Lahore - Delhi, India

[edit] Auto Rickshaws

A Pakistani rickshaw

Cars and Auto-rickshaws are some of the most common means to travel within a city

Auto rickshaws are a popular method of traveling in cities and are found in almost every city and town in Pakistan. The fare is usually negotiable before commencing a journey, however due to the level of pollution contributed by the auto-rickshaws, the government has recently begun banning older auto richshaws and replacing them with CNG auto rickshaws, which tend to be less noisy, forms less pollutants and are much bigger and more comfortable than the older sets of richshaws. The Punjab Government decided in 2005 to replace two-stroke three-wheelers with CNG-fitted four-stroke rickshaws in Lahore, Multan, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi and Gujranwala. Three manufacturers were ordered to produce 60,000 four-stroke vehicles, but they reportedly supplied 2,000 to the government which were now plying on city roads. Similar ordinances are now being considered in other provinces of Pakistan. A new form of transport in Pakistan is the Qing-Qi (pronounced "ching-chee"), which is a cross between a motorcycle and auto-rickshaw. It runs just like a motorcycle but comes with three wheels instead of two and carries a much heavier load on its back. It is an urban transport vehicle and is used mostly for short distances.

Taxis

Another very common sight seen mainly at hotels and airports are yellow taxis. The drivers charge according to a meter located on the dashboard of the car, but fares can be negotiated if there is no meter. The cab drivers are reliable and will take passengers to any destination required. There are also numerous privately run services that use cars and minibuses of various types throughout Pakistan, providing a reliable and quick means of transport. Recently, the Radio Cab was introduced in Pakistan, which offers riders to call a toll free number to get in touch with the closes taxi stand. This service is currently offered in Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Karachi, Peshawar and Lahore. Services for Hyderabad and Sialkot are now being made.

Cars

Over the years, the number of cars on Pakistani roads has tripled. Traffic jams are a common scene in major cities across Pakistan. The most popular cars on Pakistani roads are, Suzuki Mehran, Suzuki khyber, Suzuki Alto, Suzuki Cultus, Daihatsu Coure, Hyundai Santro, Honda Civic, Honda City, Honda Accord, Toyota Corolla and Toyota Vitz. In late 2005, Suzuki introduced the APV (All-Purpose Vehicle) the first luxury family van in Pakistan. Utility vehicles (SUVs or 4x4s) are also a familiar sight in Pakistan. This type of car is very multi functional as it allows long distance and off road travel, within cities as well as city to city travel. The most popular models are the Toyota Land Cruiser, Toyota Prado, Mitsubishi Pajero, Kia Sportage, Suzuki APV can also be sighted. Adam Revo, Pakistan's first manufactured car, was developed to meet the needs of low income families.

Traditional

The donkey cart is locally known as the Reyri.

In the small towns and farms, many people decide to walk great distances to either get to work or to walk to their nearest grocery store to get their daily shopping. The donkey and cart, locally known as the Reyri, is still visible every where in Pakistan, as people are poor they use this form of transport to shift cargo from one part of a city to the next. The cargo they hold ranges from fruits and vegetables, textiles or machinery that factories require in industrial cities. The House & Carriage, locally known as Tangahs are mainly seen used for casual travelling around the city. There is one driver, with either one or two horses at the front. This method is now usually used by tourists in the spring and summer that love to see the cities in an open environment. Camel & Cart are also seen from time to time. Mostly seen in the hotter parts of Pakistan including Sindh, Punjab and Balochistan where farmers transport larger cargo that donkey carts can not handle. Bicycles are used by either the poorer society or for leisure. This method is still very widely used as its very economical and simple to run.

Airlines of Pakistan

2009-10-23T20:57:00.000-07:00

The Pakistan aviation industry was started up when Orient Airways merged with Pakistan International Airlines Corporation (PIAC) to become the national flag carrier of Pakistan

Pakistan

Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia and borders Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046 kilometre coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and People's Republic of China in th...
called Pakistan International Airlines

Pakistan International Airlines

Pakistan International Airlines Corporation, more commonly known as Pakistan International Airlines or PIA , is the flag carrier airline of Pakistan, based in Karachi....
(PIA). PIA remained the only operator for many years after its creation, but soon private airlines arrived at the scene to compete with the national flag carrier as conditions of the country stabilised.

It was not until the early nineties there was a major growth in the Pakistani aviation market with four new private airlines launching operations. The airline did very well to compete with the well established flag carrier, PIA which was controlled by the government. However, this was not to last as the UN placed economic sanctions on Pakistan and its neighbour, India that caused the airline market to suffer. It caused two of the four airlines to file for bankruptcy and liquidate their assets. The airline industry remained quite stable with PIA developing a strong hold on the international and domestic market for many years. It was not until the early 21st century that the industry started to pick up again that allowed the entry of a new carrier in the market,

Airblue

airblue is a Private sector airline based in Karachi, Pakistan. It is Pakistan's second largest airline with a 20% share of the domestic market.....
which launched operations with new state of the art aircraft. As of August 2007, the aviation market is developing and allowing more services and facilities to be inaugurated as well as the development of a brand new airport to be built for the capital at Fateh Jang.

Current Airlines

Aero Asia International is a private sector airline based in Karachi, Pakistan. It operated domestic and international services. Its main base is Jinnah International Airport, Karachi....

Aircraft Sales and Services Limited (ASSL)
Airblue
airblue is a Private sector airline based in Karachi, Pakistan. It is Pakistan's second largest airline with a 20% share of the domestic market.....
Pakistan International Airlines
Pakistan International Airlines Corporation, more commonly known as Pakistan International Airlines or PIA , is the flag carrier airline of Pakistan, based in Karachi....
Safe Air
Safe Airways International is a private airline based at Jinnah International Airport Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.For the New Zealand freight carrier, SAFE Air, see Straits Air Freight Express....
Shaheen Air International
Shaheen Air International is a Pakistani Private sector airline based in Karachi. It operates scheduled services in the main cities of Pakistan and to the Persian Gulf countries....

Cargo Airlines

AST Pakistan Airways
AST Pakistan Airways is a charter and cargo company based at Dubai International Airport, UAE and Jinnah International Airport, Karachi, Pakistan....
Pakistan International Cargo
Royal Airlines Cargo
Royal Airlines
Royal Airlines is a charter and cargo airline based at Jinnah International Airport, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan....
Star Air
Star Air Aviation is a cargo airline based in Karachi, Pakistan. It operates to many cities in Pakistan including Lahore, Islamabad and Peshawar....
TCS Couriers

Charter Airlines

Askari Aviation
Askari Aviation is based in Rawalpindi, Punjab , Pakistan. Askari Aviation was established in 1995, to maintain, operate and market aircraft and helicopters....
AST Pakistan Airways
AST Pakistan Airways is a charter and cargo company based at Dubai International Airport, UAE and Jinnah International Airport, Karachi, Pakistan....
Jahangir Siddiqui Charter
Jahangir Siddiqui Charter is a charter operation of Jahangir Siddiqui Air is based Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan...
JS Air (Private) Limited
Jahangir Siddiqui Air
Jahangir Siddiqui Air is a recently-launched charter aircraft company by the Jahangir Siddiqui Group that operates in diversified fields. JS Air is based in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan....
Pakistan Aviators & Aviation
Pakistan Aviators & Aviation is a chartered company based at Allama Iqbal International Airport, Lahore, Pakistan. The company run by the Nishat Group, also has a very successful flying school, allowing pilots to receive their Private Pilot Licence , Commercial Pilot Licence and Instrument Rating ....
Royal Airlines
Royal Airlines is a charter and cargo airline based at Jinnah International Airport, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan....

Schon Air
Princely Jets
Princely Jets is Pakistan's first private charter jet operator, based at Jinnah International Airport, Karachi, Pakistan. It is owned by the Akbar Group....

Future Airlines

Air Kashmir
Air Mashriq
Deewan International Airlines
Pearl Air
Pearl Air is a private airline based at Jinnah International Airport, Sindh, Pakistan. Pearl Air is a part of Habib Alvi Group of Companies. Pearl Air has become the fourth airline operating in the private sector on domestic routes....
Pakistan Airways
Sialkot Airways
HS Air
Allawala International Airlines
Baghpati International Airlines

Defunct Airlines

Bhoja Air
Bhoja Air was an airline based in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. It operated a small domestic scheduled network and links domestic cities to destinations in the United Arab Emirates....
Cresent Air Transport
Hajvairy Airlines
Hajvairy Airlines was based in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Hajvairy Airlines started its operations in 1991. It operated leased Russian Ilyushin Il-86 jetliners....
Orient Airways
Orient Airways Ltd. was an airline established in 1946 with a base in Kolkata, British Raj. It was the first and only Muslim owned airline in Partition of India India....
Pak-Air
Raji Airlines
Safe Air
Safe Airways International is a private airline based at Jinnah International Airport Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.For the New Zealand freight carrier, SAFE Air, see Straits Air Freight Express....

Aircraft Manufacturers

Pakistan Aeronautical Complex
Pakistan Aeronautical Complex

The Pakistan Aeronautical Complex is a facility used to service, assemble and manufacture aircraft for Pakistan located at Kamra, Punjab , Pakistan....
Precision Engineering Complex
Precision Engineering Complex is located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Precision Engineering Complex is a division of Pakistan International Airlines....
Scaled Aviation Industries (Private) Limited

Highest Mountains of Pakistan

2009-10-23T20:42:00.000-07:00

Pakistan is having world the most beautiful mountains like K-2 which is the second tallest mountain in the world.It was 1887 the 1^st British surveyor came to this region from Kashmir via Brogil Pass, Goodwin Austen discovered peaks and glaciers in this area, he tried to climb peaks but some reasons he couldn�t manage.

Mountain K-2	Height m(ft) 8616 (28,268)	Range Karakoram	World Rank 2
Nanga Parbat	8125 (26,656)	Himalaya	9
Gasherbrum I	8068 (26,470)	Karakoram	11
Broad Peak	8060 (26,444)	Karakoram	12
Gasherbrum II	8035 (26,362)	Karakoram	14
Gasherbrum III	7952 (26,089)	Karakoram	15
Gasherbrum IV	7929 (25,014)	Karakoram	17
Disteghil Sar	7885 (25,869)	Karakoram	20
Kunyang Kish	7852 (25,761)	Karakoram	22
Gasherbrum NE	7821 (25,660)	Karakoram	24
Rakaposhi	7788 (25,550)	Karakoram	27
Batura I	7785 (25,541)	Karakoram	28
Kanjut Sar	7760 (25,460)	Karakoram	29
Saltoro Kangri I	7742 (25,400)	Karakoram	33
Trivor	7720 (25,330)	Karakoram	36
Tirich Mir	7708 (25,289)	Hindu Kash	41
Chogolisa I	7654 (25,111)	Karakoram	46
Shispar (Batura)	7611 (24,970)	Karakoram	49
Skyang Kangri	7544 (24,750)	Karakoram	58
Pumari Kish W	7492 (24,580)	Karakoram	67
Noshaq	7492 (24,580)	Hindu Kash	68
Tirich Mir NW	7487 (24,563)	Hindu Kash	69
K-12	7468 (24,500)	Karakoram	73
Teram Kangri	7463 (24,485)	Karakoram	74
Malubiting W	7452 (24,448)	Karakoram	76
Sia Kangri	7422 (24,350)	Karakoram	79
Skil Brum	7420 (24,344)	Karakoram	80
Teram Kangri II	7406 (24,298)	Karakoram	82
Haramosh	7406 (24,298)	Karakoram	84
Istoro Nal	7403 (24,288)	Hindu Kash	85
Mount Ghent	7400 (24,278)	Karakoram	86
Yukshin Garden	7400 (24,278)	Karakoram	87
Ultar I	7388 (24,239)	Karakoram	88
Teram Kangri III	7381 (24,216)	Karakoram	90
Sherpi Kangri	7380 (24,212)	Karakoram	91
Karun Koh	7350 (24,114)	Karakoram	100
Momil Sar	7342 (24,088)	Karakoram	103
Saraghrar Peak I	7338 (24,075)	Hindu Kash	104
Bajohagur-Duanasir	7329 (24,045)	Karakoram	106
Gasherbrum V	7321 (24,019)	Karakoram	107
Baltoro Kangri I	7321 (24,019)	Karakoram	113
Urdok Peak I	7300 (23,950)	Karakoram	114
Diran Peak	7266	Himalaya	116
Spantik Peak	7027	karakoram	122

Pakistani Companies

2009-10-23T20:37:00.000-07:00

"Our beloved country Pakistan is full of Natural Resources including skilled Human Resource but the misuse, theft and embezzlement of those God Gifted resources by the corrupt Politicians is the main problem of Pakistan. Otherwise, we can rule the entire world."

Automobile assembler

Adam Motors
Al-Ghazi Tractors
Atlas Honda
Dewan Motors
Ghani Automobile Industries
Ghandhara Industries
Ghandhara Nissan
Hinopak Motors
Indus Motors Company
Millat Tractors
Suzuki
S.N. Kawasaki
Volvo Pakistan Limited (VPL Limited)

Telecommunication and IT/Technology

China Mobile
CyberNet
Intel Pakistan
DELL Pakistan.
Hewlett Packard Pakistan Pte Ltd.
LINKdotNET Pakistan
Mobilink
Ovex Technologies
Pakistan Telecommunication Company
Southern Networks
Telenor
Ufone
Wateen Telecom
Warid Telecom
Transworld

Commercial bank

RBS
Allied Bank of Pakistan
Askari Commercial Bank
Atlas Bank
Bank Al-Falah
Bank AL-Habib
Bank Islami Pakistan
Bank of Khyber
Bank of Punjab
Dubai Islamic Bank
Habib Bank
Habib Metropolitan Bank
Jahangir Siddiqui Bank
Meezan Bank
Muslim Commercial Bank
MyBank
National Bank of Pakistan
NIB Bank
PICIC Commercial Bank/NIB Bank
Standard & Chartered Bank
State Bank of Pakistan
United Bank

Fast Moving Consumer Goods

Shan Foods www.shanfoods.com

K& N Foods www.kandns.com

Haleeb Foods www.haleebfoods.com

National Foods www.nfoods.com

Nestle www.nestle.com

Unilever www.unilever.com

makro Pakistan www.makropakistan.com.pk

Pakistan Railways

2009-10-23T20:34:00.000-07:00

Pakistan Railways is the state-owned railway company of Pakistan. It is a large organization under the administration of the Pakistani Government's Ministry of Railways. Pakistan Railways provides an important mode of transportation in the farthest corners of the country and brings them closer for business, sightseeing, pilgrimage and education. It has been a great integrating force and forms the life line of the country by catering to its needs for large scale movement of people and freight. The current chairman is Mr. Shakil Durrani.

The possibility of Karachi as a sea port was first noticed in the middle of 19th century. Sir Henry Edward Frere was appointed Commissioner of Sindh after its annexation to British India's Bombay Presidency in 1847 and sought permission from Lord Dalhousie to begin a survey for a sea port. He also initiated the survey for a railway line in 1858. It was proposed that a railway line from Karachi City to Kotri, steam navigation up the Indus and Chenab rivers up to Multan and from there another railway to Lahore and beyond be constructed.
It was on 13 May 1861, that the first railway line was opened for public traffic between Karachi City and Kotri, a distance of 105 miles (169 km). The line between Karachi City and Kiamari was opened on 16 June 1889. During 1897 the line from Keamari to Kotri was doubled.
The railway line from Peshawar to Karachi closely follows Alexander�s line of march through the Hindu Kush mountains to the Arabian Sea. Different sections on the existing main line from Peshawar to Lahore and Multan and branch lines were constructed in the last quarter of 19th century and early years of 20th century.
The four sections, i.e., Scinde (Sindh) Railways, Indian Flotilla Company, Punjab Railway and Delhi Railways, working in a single company, were later on amalgamated into the Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railways Company and purchased by the Secretary of State for India in 1885, and in January 1886, it was named North Western State Railways, which was later on renamed as North Western Railway.
At the time of independence, 1,947 route miles (3,133 km) of North Western Railways were transferred to India, leaving 5,048 route miles (8,122 km) to Pakistan. In 1954, the railway line was extended to Mardan and Charsada, and in 1956 the Jacobabad-Kashmore 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge line was converted into broad gauge. In 1961, the Pakistani portion of North Western Railways was renamed Pakistan Railways. The Kot Adu-Kashmore line was constructed between 1969 and 1973 providing an alternative route from Karachi up the country.

Pakistani Embassies Abroad

2009-10-23T20:20:00.000-07:00

Pakistan Embassy Afghanistan

H.No.10, Road Nijat Watt, Wazir Akbar Khan, Kabul

Phone #: (92-51) 254449(Local), 20542, 22513, 22626

Fax #: (92-91) 87460

Pakistan Embassy Algeria

62 A Djenane El Malik, Parc le Paradou, Hydra, Algiers BP-404

Phone #: (213-2)-693194, 693781

Email: parepalgiers@mail.wissal.dz

Pakistan Embassy, Argentina

Gorostiaga 2176, Capital Federal, Buenos Aires

Phone #: (54-11) 47751294, 7761185

Fax #: (54-11) 47761186

Pakistan High Commission, Australia

4-Timbarra Crescent, O'Malley ACT-2606
(P.O.Box 684 Mawson, ACT-2607), Canberra, Australia

Phone #: (61-2) 62901676, 62901879, 62901030, 62901117

Fax #: (61-2) 62901073 (Diplomatic Wing), 62901054 (Press Wing)

Email: parepcanberra@actonline.com.au

Pakistan Embassy, AUSTRIA

Hofzeile 13, A-1190 Vienna, Austria

Phone #: (43-1) 3687381

Fax #: (43-1) 3687376

email: parep.vienna@telecom.at

Pakistan Embassy, Azerbaijan

30, Ataturk Avenue, Baku 370069, Azerbaijan

Phone #: (994-12) 906839, 906840

Fax #: (994-12)906841

Email: parepbaku@artel.net.az

Pakistan Embassy, Bahrain

Villa 261, Road 2807, Area 328, Segeiya, Bahrain

Phone#: (973) 244113

Fax #: (973) 255960

Email: parepbah@batelco.com.bh

Pakistan Embassy, Bangladesh

House No. NE(C) 2, Road No. 71, Gulshan Avenue,
Gulshan, Dhaka

Phone #: (880-2) 8825388-89

Fax #: (880-2)8823677(Dip Wing), 8813316 (Comm.Wing)

email: parepdka@bangla.net

Pakistan Embassy, Belgium

Avenue Delleur 57, 1170 Brussels, Belgium

Phone #: (32-2)6738007

Fax #: (32-2)6758394(Dip.Wing), (32-2)6753137(Eco.Wing

Pakistan Embassy, Bosnia & Herzegovina

Emerika Bluma 17, Sarajevo (Bosnia-Herzegovina)

Phone #: (387-71) 211836, 666657, 443623

Fax #: (387-71) 211837

Pakistan Embassy, Brazil

SHIS Q 15,Conj.14, Casa 21 Logo Sul,Brasilia-DF

(Brazil) 71-615-140

Phone #: (55-61) 3641632, 3641761

Fax #: (55-61) 2483484

email: parepbra@brnet.Com.br

Pakistan Embassy, Brunei

P.O. Box 3026, Bandar Seri Begawan

Phone #: (213-2)-693194, 693781

Fax #: (673-2)-334990

Email: lateef@brunet.bn

Pakistan High Commission, Canada

151 Slater Street Suite 608, Ottawa,

Ontario KIP 5H3(Canada)

Phone #: (1-613) 238-7881-83, 238-8029

Fax #: (1-613)-238-7296

email: parepottawa @sprint.ca

Pakistan Embassy, China

No. 1, Dongzhimenwai San Li Tun,

Beijing 100600

Phone #: (86-10) 65322504, 65326660 ext. 2021/2022

Fax #: (86-10)65322715

Email: pakrep@public.fhnet.cn.net

Pakistan Embassy, Denmark

Valeursvej 17, 2900 Hellerup,

Copenhagen (Denmark) P.O. Box No.107

Phone #: (45) 39621188, 39621693

Fax #: (45) 39401070

email: parepcopenhagen@hotmail.com

Pakistan Embassy, Arab Republic of Egypt

8, El Saluli Street, Dokki, Giza, Cairo

Phone #: (20-2) 7487504,7487806, 7487677

Fax #: (20-2) 7480310

Email: parepcairo@link.com.eg

Pakistan Embassy, France

18, Rue Lord Byron, 75008 Paris

Phone#: (33-1) 45622332

Fax #: (33-1) 45628915

Email: parep_paris@compuserve.com

Pakistan Embassy, Germany

Schaperstr-29, Wilmersdorf 10719, Berlin (Germany)

Phone #: (49-30) 21244299, 21244203, 21244499

Fax #: (49-30) 21244210

email: pakemb@t-online.de

Pakistan Embassy, Greece

No. 6 Loukianou Street (2nd Floor),

Kolonaki 106 75 Athens, (Greece)

Phone #: (30-1) 7290122 & 7290214

Fax #: (30-1) 7257641

email: parepathens@otenet.gr

Pakistan Embassy, Hungry

Adonisz utca 3/A, Budapest 1125

Phone #: (36-1) 355-8017 355-8210, 3751002

Fax #: (36-1) 375-1402

email: pakemb@mail.matav.hu

Consulate General of Pakistan, Hong Kong

Room No.3706, Chine Resources Building,

26 Harbour Road, Hong Kong.

Phone #: (852-5)-28271966, 28270681,28270245, 28271950

Fax #: (852-5) 28272189, 28271066

email: parephk@netvigator.com

Pakistan High Commission, India

2/50-G, Shantipath, Chanakyapuri,

New Delhi-110021

Phone #: (91-11) 6110601, 6110602,

6110605, 4678467, 4676004

Fax #: (91-11) 6872339 (Dip Wing), 6888330 (Inf Wing),

6888353 (Com.Wing)

Email: pakhc@nda.vsnl.net.in

Pakistan Embassy, Indonesia

50, JI. Teuku Umar, Menteng, Jakarta Pusat, P.O. Box, No.1461

Phone #: (62-21) 3144008-9, 3144011

Fax #: (62-21) 3103945 (Dip. Wing), 392476 (Def. Wing)

email: parepjkt@rad.net.id

Pakistan Embassy, Iran

Block No. 1, Ahmed Eitmad Zadeh Avenue

Jamshed Abad Shomali

Dr. Hussein Fatimi Avenue,

Tehran P.O. Box No. 11365 - 4551.

Phone #: (98-21) 6941388-9 (4 lines),
934332, 934334

Fax #: (98-21) 935154 (Dip. Wing),

934333 (Com. Wing)
934340 (Press Wing)

Email: pareptehran@yahoo.com

Pakistan Embassy, Italy

Via Della Camilluccia 682, 00135 Rome (Italy)

Phone #: (39-6) 36301775, 3294836

Fax #: (39-6) 36301936, 36304736

Email: pareprome@linet.it

Pakistan Embassy, Iraq

House No. 14, Street No. 7, Mohallah No. 609,

Al-Mansoor, Baghdad

Phone #: (964-1) 5425343, 5424901, 5415120

Fax #: (964-1) 5428707, 5415120

Pakistan Embassy, Japan

2-14-9 Moto Azabu, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan

Phone#: (813) 34544861, 34544862, 34544863, 34544864

Fax #: (813) 34570341, 34514280, 34551481

Email: pakemb@gol.com

Pakistan Embassy, Republic of Lebanon

11th Floor, Shell Building, Australia Street,

Rouche Beirut. P.O. Box No.135506

Phone #: (961-1) 863041, 806638

Fax #: (961-1)-864583

Email: pakemblb@cyberia.net.1b

Pakistan Embassy, Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jammhiriya

Shara Huzayfa Bin Al-Yaman , Manshiya,

Ben Ashur. P.O. Box No.2169, Tripoli

Phone #: (218-21) 608269, 3610937

Fax #: (218-21)-3600412

Pakistan High Commission, Malaysia

132 Jalan Ampang, 50450, Kuala Lumpur

Phone #: (603) 2618877/79

Fax #: (603)-2645958

Email: pakhc@po.jaring.my

Pakistan High Commission, Republic of Maldives

H. Huvadhoo, Henveyro, Male, Republic of Maldives

Phone#: (960) 323005

Fax #: (960) 321832

Email: pakistan@dhivehinet.net.mv

Pakistan High Commission, Mauritius

Anglo Mauritius House, 7th Floor, Intendence Street,

P.O. Box 289, Port Louis

Phone #: (230) 212547, 2087969

Fax #: (230) 2126548

Pakistan Embassy, Mexico

Hegel-512, Col. Polanco P.O. Box 6-916 Mexico, D.F. C.P.

Phone #: (52-5) 2031242, 2033636

Fax #: (52-5) 203-9907

Pakistan Embassy, Morocco

11-Zankat Azrou, Rabat

Phone #: (212-7) 766453, 762402

Fax #: (212-7) 766742

email: embrabat@maghrebnet.net.ma

Pakistan Embassy, Kazakstan

Tulebaeva 25, Almaty, Kazakstan

Phone #: (7-3273) 332678, 331502

Fax #: (7-3273) 331300

Pakistan Embassy, Krygyz

308, Panfilova St. Off Kasymaly Bayalinov St.

(Old Leningradskaya St) Bishkek-720040

Phone #: (996-312) 227209, 226479, 226670

Fax #: (996-312) 661550

Pakistan Embassy, Republic of Korea (South)

258-13, Itaewon 2 Dong, Yongsan-Ku, Seoul 140-202

Phone #: (82-2) 7968252, 7968253, 7960312

Fax #: (82-2) 7960313

email: parep@pakistan-korea-trade.org

Pakistan Embassy, Kuwait

Plot No.46, Block No. 11, Street No. 101, Jabriya, Kuwait.

P.O. Box No.988,Code No.13010 Safat , Kuwait

Phone #: (965) 5327649, 5327651, 5322917

Fax #: (965)-5327648

email: Pakistan@elim.net

Pakistan Embassy, Union of Myanmar

A-4 Diplomatic Quarters, Pyay Road, P.O. Box 581, Yangon

Phone #: (95-1) 22281, 22282

Fax #: (95-1) 221147

Pakistan High Commission, Nepal

Ring Road, Maharajgunj, Karhmantu P.O. BOX No. 202

Phone #: (977-1) 374024

Fax #: (977-1)-374012

email: pakemb@mos.com.np

Pakistan Embassy, Kenya

LB-1870/IV/16, St. Micheal's Road, Off Church Road,
Off Waiyaki Way, Westlands, P.O. Box 30045, Nairobi

Phone #: (254-2) 443922, 443912, 440503

Fax #: (254-2) 443803, 446507

email: parepnairobi@net2000ke.com

Pakistan Embassy, Netherlands

Amaliastraat - 8, 2514 JC, The Hague

Phone #: (31-70) 3648948, 3648949

Fax #: (31-70) 3106047 (Dip. Wing), 3658474 (Comm. Wing)

email: parepnl@bart.nl

Pakistan Embassy, Niger

Avenue Des Zermakoye, Parcelles,

I Et J Niamey (Niger)P.O. Box No.10426

Phone #: (227) 753257

Fax #: (227) 753255, 753300

Email: ambpakny@intnet.ne

Pakistan High Commission, Nigeria

4, Molade Okoya Thomas Street, Victoria Island,

P.O. Box 2450, Lagos

Phone #: (234-1) 7742380, 613909, 2614710

Fax #: (234-1) 614822, 2614931

email: pakembnig@nova.net.ng

Pakistan Embassy, Norway

Eckersbergsgt-20, 0244 Oslo 1

Phone #: (47-22) 555470, 555227

Fax #: (47-22) 555097

Email: pak.oslo@os.telia.no

Pakistan Embassy, Sultanate of Oman

No. 13, Dohatul Adab Street, 16-A Al Khuwair,

Muscat, Sultanate of Oman -
P.O. Box 1302, PC 112, RUWI, Muscat

Phone#: (968) 603439, 603343, 603090

Fax #: (968) 697462

Email: pakistan@gto.net.om

Pakistan Embassy, Philippines

6th Floor Alexander House 132 Amorsolo Street,

Legapsi Village Makati City,
P.O. Box- S2050 Metro Manila, Philippines.

Phone #: (63-2) 8172772, 8172776

Fax #: (63-2) 8400229

email: parepmnl@mnl.v-link.net

Pakistan Embassy, Portugal

Avanida da Republica, 20-1st Floor, 1050-192 Lisbon

Phone #: (351-1) 3538446, 3538547

Fax #: (351-1) 3158805

email: parep.lisbon.1@mail.telepac.pt

Pakistan Embassy, Poland

Staroscinska 1, Apt. 1/2, 02-516 Warsaw

Phone #: (48-22) 8494808, 8944938

Fax #: (48-22) 8491160

Pakistan Embassy, Qatar

Plot No. 30, Diplomatic Area, West Bay,

Doha (Qatar) P.O. Box No. 334

Phone #: (974) 832525, 832235-37

Fax #: (974) 832227

email: parepqat@qatar.net.qa

Pakistan Embassy, Romania

Str.Barbu Delarvancea 22,Sector 1,71304 Bucharest

Phone #: (40-1) 2225736, 2225740

Fax #: (40-1) 2225737

email: parepbuc@mail.kappa.ro

Pakistan Embassy, Russia

Ul--Sadvoa Kudrinskaya 17, Moscow

Phone #: (7-95) 2549791, 2329636, 9562707

Fax #: (7-95) 9569097 (Dip Wing), 2329436 (press wing)

email: pakemb@dialup.ptt.ru

Pakistan Embassy, Saudi Arabia

Plot No.21, Diplomatic Quarters, P.O. Box 94007, Riyadh 11693

Phone #: (966-1) 4884111, 4884222, 4884666, 4887272

Fax #: (966-1) 4887953

Email: parepriyadh@zajil.net

Pakistan Embassy, Senegal

Stele Mermoz Villa No. 7602, P.O. Box No. 2635, Dakar

Phone #: (221) 8246135, 8246138

Fax #: (221) 8246136

email: parepdkr@telecomplus.sn

Pakistan High Commission, Singapore

1 Scotts Road # 24-02/04 Shaw Centre, ingapore-228208

Phone #: (65) 7376988, 7376621

Fax #: (65) 7374096 (Dip. Wing) 7331296 (Comm. Wing)

Email: parep@singnet.com.sg

Pakistan High Commission, South Africa

312 Brooks Street, Menlo Park 0081, P.O. Box 11803,
Hatfield 0028 , Pretoria, South Africa

Phone#: (2712) 3624072-3, 3623965 (HC's direct)

Fax #: (27-12) 3623967

Email: pakhicom@global.co.za

Pakistan Embassy, Spain

Avda. Pio XII, No. 11, 28016-Madrid

Phone #: (34-91) 3458995 (Chancery), 3459138, 3504943

Fax #: (34-91)-3458158

Pakistan High Commission, Sri Lanka

No. 211, De Saram Place, Colombo 10

Phone #: (94-1)-696301, 696302

Fax #: (94-1) 695780

email: hcpak1@sltnet.lk

Pakistan Embassy, Sudan

House No. 94, Block 16, P. O. Box 1178, Al-Riyadh Khartoum

Phone #: (249-11) 223445, 225503

Fax #: (249-11) 225225

email: pakembkh@sudanet.net

Pakistan High Commission,

Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North)

Building No. 23, Block 66, Munsodong

Daedongang District, Pyongyang, DPR of Korea

Phone #: (850-2) 3817479

Fax #: (850-2)-3817622

Pakistan Embassy, Sweden

Sergels Torg-12, 14th Floor 11157 Stockholm

Phone #: (46-8)-203300

Fax #: (46-8)-249233

email: imtiaz.ahmad@mbox300.swipnet.se

Pakistan Embassy, Switzerland

Bernastrasse 47, CH-3005 Berne

Phone #: (41-31)-3522992-4

Fax #: (41-31)-3515440

email: parepberne@bluewin.ch

Pakistan Embassy, Syrian Arab Republic

Shara-e-Al-Farabi, East Villat, Mezzeh,

P.O. Box 9284, Damascus

Phone #: (963-11) 6132694-95

Fax #: (963-11)-6132662

email: parep@cyberia.net.Ib

Pakistan Embassy, Tajikistan

37-A, Rudaki Avenue, Opposite Firdausi Library,

Dushambe (Tajikistan)

Phone #: (7-3772)-211965, 210433

Fax #: (7-3772)-211729

Email: office@pakemb.td.silk.apc.org

Pakistan High Commission, Tanzania

149, Malik Road, Near Diamond Jubilee Hall, Upanga,

P.O. Box 2925,Dar es Salaam (Tanzania)

Phone #: (255-51) 117630, 116634

Fax #: (255-51) 113205

Pakistan Embassy, Thailand

31 Soi Nana Nua, Sukhumvit Road(3), Bangkok 10110

Phone #: (662) 2530288, 2530289

Fax #: (662) 2530290

Email: iftikhar@loxinfo.co.th

Pakistan Embassy, Turkey

Iran Caddesi No. 37, Gazi Osman Pasa, Ankara. P.O. Box PK.687

Phone#: (90-312)-4271410-13

Fax #: (90-312) 4671023(Dip Wing), 4670337 (Press Wing)

Email: haque@mail.marketweb.net.tr

Pakistan Embassy, Turkmenistan

Kemine Street 92, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan

Phone #: (99312 OR 7-3632) 350097, 353792

Fax #: (99312 OR 7-3632) 397640

email: Parep@embash.cat.glasnet.ru

Pakistan High Commission, United Kingdom

35-36 Lowndes Square, London SWIX 9JN

Phone #: (44-207) 664-9200, 6649231

Fax #: (44-207) 664-9224

email: pareplondon@netlineuk.net

Pakistan Embassy, Ukraine

Apt.No.84 Bldg No.4 Street Staronavodnytska 252015

Kyiv (Ukraine)

Phone #: (380-44)-294-66-96

Fax #: (380-44)-294-66-96

Pakistan Embassy, UAE

Plot No. 2, Sector W. 59 Diplomatic Enclave Near Shaikh

Zayed Military Hospital, P.O. Box No. 846, Abdu Dhabi

Phone #: (971-2)-447800, 447442, 447445, 447452

Fax #: (971-2)-447172

email: pakem@emirates.net.ae

Pakistan Embassy, USA

2315 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C

. 20008, U.S.A

Phone #: (202) 939-6200, 9396205, 9396208

Fax #: (202) 387-0484

email: parepwashington@erols.com

Pakistan Embassy, Uzbekistan

Building No. 15, Abdurakhmanov Street ,

Sobir Rahimov District, Tashkent

Phone #: (998-371) 1440162, 1482560, 1481170, 1481116

Fax #: (998-371) 1447943, 1440876

email: pareptash@parep.pv.uz

Pakistan Embassy, Vietnam

8th Floor Daeha Business Centre, 360 Kim Ma Street,

Badinh District, Hanoi, Vietnam

Phone #: (844) 7716420, 7716421

Fax #: (844) 7716418

Email: parep-hanoi@hn.vnn.vn

Pakistan Embassy, Republic of Yemen

Ring Road Off Hadda Road, P.O. Box 2848, Sana'a

Phone #: (967-1)-500140

Fax #: (967-1)-248866

email: msaeedkhan@y.net.ye

Pakistan High Commission, Republic of Zimbabwe

No. 11 Van Praagh Avenue, P.O. Box 3050,

Milton Park, Harare

Phone #: (263-4)-720293, 794264

Fax #: (263-4)-722446

Email: pakhar@icon.co.zw

Cellular Companies in Pakistan

2009-10-23T20:01:00.000-07:00

Mobilink.
Website URL : http://www.mobilinkgsm.com
Mobilink GSM (PMCL), a subsidiary of Orascom Telecom, started its operations in 1994, and has become the market leader both in terms of growth as well as having the largest customer subscriber base in Pakistan – a base of over 20 million and growing

Ufone
Website URL : http://www.ufone.com
PTML, a 100% owned subsidiary of PTCL was established to operate cellular GSM 900 services. The company commenced its operations, under the brand name of Ufone, from Islamabad on January 29, 2001. Ufone expanded its coverage and has added new cities and highways to its coverage network. Ufone now covers over 100 key cities and prominent highways across Pakistan providing the customers best quality service and value for money.

Zong
Website URL : http://www.zong.com.pk
Zong is China Moble company. Zong is the company that is providing mobile telephony in Pakistan. Since then both our customers and Zong have come a long way in terms of the way Pakistanis communicate. From the basic one-to-one voice communication, customers can now enjoy short messaging(SMS), picture messages, polyphonic ring-tones, conference calling, call forwarding and a host of other fabulous services.

Warid Telecom
Website Url: http://www.waridtel.com

Warid Telecom takes pride in being backed by the Abu Dhabi Group, one of the largest groups in the Middle East and the single largest foreign investor group in Pakistan. It has a diversified business interest in the institutions that have enjoyed commercial success as a result of its strong financial resources and extensive management expertise. The Abu Dhabi Group’s major investments are in the following sectors:

Telenor
Website Url : http://www.telenor.com.pk
Telenor acquired the license for providing GSM services in Pakistan in April 2004, and has launched its services commercially in Islamabad, Rawalpindi and Karachi on March 15, 2005. The official opening was held in Islamabad with the President of Pakistan General Pervez Musharraf as the guest of honor and a Telenor delegation headed by CEO Telenor Jon Fredrik Baksaas. On March 23, 2005 Telenor started its services in Lahore, Faisalabad and Hyderabad. Telenor has become the second largest cellular network in Pakistan by launching over 500 destinations in just over a year

Pakistani Radio channels

2009-10-23T19:43:00.000-07:00

Islamabad (Capital)

Radio Pakistan AM580 Islamabad
Voice of Qur'an Radio
City FM 89 Islamabad
Radio ONE FM91 Islamabad
Power Radio FM 99 Islamabad
FM100 Islamabad
FM 101 Islamabad
HUM FM106.2 Islamabad
Capital Radio - Pashto

Balochistan

Radio Pakistan AM750 Quetta
Radio Pakistan AM1580 Sibi
Radio Pakistan AM560 Khuzdar
Radio Pakistan AM1580 Turbat
Radio Jhalawan FM88 Khuzdar
Radio ONE FM91 Gwadar
FM101 Quetta
FM101 Gwadar
Pak-Afghan Crossborder T Radio PACT FM

Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP)

Radio Pakistan AM540 Peshawar
Radio Pakistan AM1400 Dera Ismail Khan
Radio Pakistan AM1600 Abbottabad
Radio Pakistan AM1580 Chitral
Power Radio FM99 Abbottabad
Global FM91 Dera Ismail Khan
FM96 Haripur
FM101 Peshawar
FM101 Bannu
FM101 Kohat
Radio Buraq FM104 Peshawar
Radio Buraq FM104 Mardan
Campus Radio FM107 Peshawar
University of Peshawar Radio FM107 Peshawar
Pak-Afghan Crossborder T Radio PACT FM

Northern Areas & Azad Kashmir

Radio Pakistan AM1510 Gilgit (NA)
Radio Pakistan AM1560 Skardu (NA)
Radio Pakistan AM780 Muzaffarabad (AJK)
Radio Pakistan AM936 Mirpur (AJK)
Voice of Kashmir FM105 Rawalakot (AJK)
Voice of Kashmir FM105 Dhirkot/Bagh (AJK)
Voice of Kashmir FM105 Muzafarabad (AJK)
Rose FM90 Bhimber(AJK)

Punjab

Radio Pakistan AM1080 Lahore
Radio Pakistan AM1260 Rawalpindi
Radio Pakistan AM1030 Multan
Radio Pakistan AM1320 Bahawalpur
Radio Pakistan AM1430 Faisalabad (Lyallpur)
City FM89 Lahore
City FM89 Rawalpindi
City FM89 Faisalabad (Lyallpur)
Radio ONE FM91 Lahore
Radio ONE FM91 Rawalpindi
Radio City FM92 Kasur
Sunrise Radio FM97 Hasan Abdal
Power Radio FM99 Vehari
FM100 Lahore
FM100 Rawalpindi
FM101 Lahore
FM101 Rawalpindi
FM101 Faisalabad (Lyallpur)
FM101 Sialkot
FM101 Sargodha
FM101 Mianwali
MAST FM103 Lahore
MAST FM103 Faisalabad (Lyallpur)
MAST FM103 Multan
Radio Buraq FM104 Sialkot
Punjab University Radio FM 104.6 Lahore
AWAZ Radio FM104 Bhalwal-Sargodha
AWAZ Radio FM104 Rajanpur
AWAZ Radio FM105 Gujrat
AWAZ Radio FM105 Bahawalpur
AWAZ Radio FM105 Jhang
AWAZ Radio FM105 Sadiqabad
AWAZ Radio FM106 Gujranwala
AWAZ Radio FM106 Khanpur
AWAZ Radio FM107 Sheikhupura
AWAZ Radio FM107 Pakpattan
HUM FM106.2 Lahore
Star FM102 Gujar Khan
Sunrise Pakistan FM95 Jhelum
Sunrise Pakistan FM96 Sahiwal
Sunrise Pakistan FM96 Sargodha
Sunrise Pakistan FM97 HassanAbdal
Ewaz FM
Radio Jeevay Pakistan FM98
LUMS Radio - Gal Sunn Oye!

Sindh

Radio Pakistan AM820 Karachi
Radio Pakistan AM1000 Hyderabad
Radio Pakistan AM1000 Larkana
Radio Pakistan AM920 Khairpur
City FM89 Karachi
Radio ONE FM91 Karachi
Radio ONE FM91 Karachi
RadioActive FM96 Karachi
FM91 Music Highway Tando Adam
FM92 Music Highway Nooriabad
FM92 Music Highway Khairpur
Josh FM 99 Karachi/Thatta
FM100 Karachi
FM101 Karachi
FM101 Hyderabad
MAST FM103 Karachi
MAST FM103 Karachi
Sachal Radio FM105 Hyderabad
HOT 105 FM Karachi
HUM FM106.2 Karachi
HUM FM106.2 Sukkur
ZAB FM 106.5 Karachi
Apna Karachi 107

Newspapers in Pakistan

2009-10-23T11:55:00.000-07:00

English-language newspapers

Newspaper	City(ies)	Founded	Official Website	Notes
Business Recorder	Karachi, Islamabad and Lahore	1965	www.brecorder.com	Pakistan's first financial daily
The Daily Mail	Islamabad		www.dailymailnews.com
Daily News	Karachi	1962	www.jang.com.pk	Jang Group's evening daily
Daily Times	Lahore, Karachi and Islamabad	2002	www.dailytimes.com.pk
Dawn	Karachi, Islamabad and Lahore	1947	www.dawn.com
The Financial Daily	Karachi		www.thefinancialdaily.com
The Friday Times	Lahore	1989	www.thefridaytimes.com	Weekly newspaper
The Frontier Post	Peshawar, Quetta and Lahore	1985	www.frontierpost.com.pk
The Nation	Lahore, Karachi and Islamabad	1986	www.nation.com.pk
National Herald Tribune	Rawalpindi and Lahore	2005	www.dailynht.com
The News International	Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad and London	1991	www.thenews.com.pk
Pakistan Observer	Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, Muzaffarabad and Quetta	1988	www.pakobserver.net
The Post	Lahore, Islamabad and Karachi	2005	www.post.com.pk
The Regional Times of Sindh	Karachi, Hyderabad		www.regionaltimes.com
The Star	Karachi	1951	www.dawn.com	Dawn Group's evening newspaper
The Statesman	Peshawar	2002	www.statesman.com.pk

Urdu-language newspapers

Newspaper	City(ies)	Founded	Official Website	Notes
Aaj (Urdu: آج)	Peshawar, Abbottabad and Islamabad	1989	www.dailyaaj.com.pk/
Aaj Kal	Lahore, Karachi and Islamabad	2008	www.aajkal.com.pk
Al Akhbar (Urdu: الاخبار)	Islamabad and Peshawar		www.alakhbar.com.pk/
Asas (Urdu: اساس)	Rawalpindi/Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad and Muzaffarabad	1995	www.dailyasas.com.pk
Ausaf (Urdu: اوصاف)	Islamabad, Multan, Lahore, Muzaffarabad, Frankfurt and London	1997	www.dailyausaf.com/
Awam (Urdu: عوام)	Karachi		www.jang.com.pk	Evening newspaper
Azkaar	Rawalpindi/Islamabad and Karachi	2004	www.dailyazkaar.com.pk
Din	Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad	1997	www.dinnews.tv
Express (Urdu: ایکسپریس)	Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad, Peshawar, Multan, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Sargodha, Rahim Yar Khan, Sukkur and Quetta	1998	www.express.com.pk
Jang (Urdu: جنگ)	Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Multan, Quetta and London	1937	www.jang.com.pk
Jasarat (Urdu: جسارت)	Karachi	1970	www.jasarat.com/
Jinnah (Urdu: جناح)	Islamabad/Rawalpindi and Lahore	2002	www.dailyjinnah.com/
Juraat (Urdu: جرات)	Karachi	1995	www.juraat.com/
Khabrain (Urdu: خبریں)	Lahore, Islamabad, Multan, Karachi,Hyderabad, Sukkur and Muzaffarabad	1992	www.khabrain.com/
Masafat (Urdu: مسافت)	Lahore and Islamabad
Mashriq (Urdu: روزنامہ مشرق)	Peshawar	1995	dailymashriq.com.pk/
Mashriq Evening Special (Urdu: مشرق ایوننگ اسپیشل)	Karachi, Hyderabad and Quetta	1983
Musawat	Lahore	1970
Pakistan (Urdu: پاکستان)	Lahore, Peshawar, Multan and Karachi	1990	www.dailypak.com/
Nawa-i-Waqt (Urdu: نواے وقت)	Lahore, Karachi and Islamabad	1940	nawaiwaqt.com.pk/
Naya Akhbar	Lahore, Islamabad, Karachi, Multan, Sukkur and Hyderabad	2000	nayaakhbar.khabrain.com/	Under Khabrain Group
Qaumi Akhbar	Karachi and Hyderabad	1990
Riasat (Urdu: ریاست)	Karachi	1999
Sada-e-Waqt (Urdu: صداۓ وقت)	Rawalpindi and Muzaffarabad	2008	www.sadaewaqt.com/	Fortnightly newspaper
Sahafat (Urdu: صحافت)	Islamabad and Lahore	1996
Taqat (Urdu: طاقت)	Lahore, Islamabad/Rawalpindi, Karachi, Quetta, Bahawalpur, Faisalabad, Gujranwala and Sialkot	2006	www.dailytaqat.com/
Ummat (Urdu: امت)	Karachi	1996	www.ummat.com.pk/
Waqt (Urdu: وقت)	Lahore		www.dailywaqt.com/

Regional language newspapers

Gujarati

Newspaper	City(ies)	Founded	Official Website
Millat (Gujarati: મલ્લત)	Karachi	1946	www.millatgujarati.com/
Vatan (Gujarati: વતન)	Karachi	1947	www.dailyvatan.com/

Pashto

Newspaper	City(ies)	Founded	Official Website
Wahdat (Pashto: وحدت)	Peshawar	1983	www.dailywahdat.com.pk/

Punjabi

Newspaper	City(ies)	Founded	Official Website
Bhulekha (Punjabi: بھلےكھا)	Lahore
Khabraan (Punjabi: خبراں)	Lahore	2004

Seraiki

Newspaper	City(ies)	Founded	Official Website
Kook (Seraiki: كوک)	Karachi

Sindhi

Newspaper	City(ies)	Founded	Official Website
Alakh (Sindhi: اَلَکُ)	Hyderabad
Awami Awaz (Sindhi: عوامي آواز)	Karachi	1989	www.awamiawaz.com/
Hilal-e-Pakistan (Sindhi: هلال پاڪستان)	Karachi	1946
Ibrat (Sindhi: عبرت)	Hyderabad	1958	www.dailyibrat.com/
Kawish (Sindhi: ڪاوش)	Hyderabad	1990	www.dailykawish.com/
Khabroon (Sindhi: خبرون)	Karachi, Sukkur	2003
Koshish (Sindhi: ڪوشش)	Hyderabad	1998
Mehran (Sindhi: مهراڻ)	Hyderabad	1957
Sach (Sindhi: سچ)	Karachi
Safeer (Sindhi: سفیر)	Hyderabad
Shaam (Sindhi: شام)	Hyderabad	1999
Sindh (Sindhi: سنڌ)	Hyderabad	1995	www.sindhhyd.com/
Sindhu (Sindhi: سنڌو)	Hyderabad	1989
Sobh (Sindhi: سوڀ)	Karachi		www.dailysobh.com/
Tameer-e-Sindh (Sindhi: تعمیرِ سنڌ)	Karachi		www.dailytameer-e-sindh.com/

Television Stations in Pakistan

2009-10-23T11:50:00.000-07:00

Pakistan Television Network, also referred to as PTV, is Pakistan's state owned television network which operates on both terrestrial & satellite. Channels included in the PTV network:

PTV Home
PTV News
PTV Global
PTV National
PTV Bolan
AJK TV Azad Kashmir

Cable and satellite

AAJ Network
- AAJ TV
- Play TV (Pakistan) - Music & Lifestyle channel
  - Eman Production (Pvt.)Ltd. Power of Media by Nazia Adnan Ali Gulshan e iqbal karachi pakistan

M/s Air Waves Media (Pvt.) Ltd.
- TV One
- Music One
- News One
- Waseb Tv

ARY Digital Network
- ARY Digital - Entertainment Channel
- ARY Musik - Music channel
- ARY News - News channel
- ARY QTV - Religious channel
- ARY Zauq - Food channel
- HBO International a part of ARY - Movie channel
- Vh1 International a part of ARY - Life style channel
- NICK International a part of ARY - Kids channel
- Fashion tv International a part of ARY - Fashion channel:
- [[PIT|Pakistan Internation Television Net

Asset Plus - Pakistan's First Community Television available only in DHA Lahore on cable network.
ATV - Also available on Terrestrial Networks

Business Plus
- Business Plus
- News Plus - (Currently on Test Transmission)

Channel 5 - News channel
City 42 - News Channel of Lahore
City 51 - News Channel of Islamabad,Rawalpindi,Murree
Dawn News - English language News channel
Din News
Dhoom TV

DM Digital Network
- DM Digital - Available in UK
- DM Digital Global - Available in Asia, Africa, Middle East and Australia
- DM Digital Euro - Available in Europe, Africa and Middle East
- DM Digital Arabia - Available in Europe, Africa and Middle East

Dunya News
Dunya Entertainment

IRA News Channel
- IRA News (English & Urdu)
- IRA Urdu (Urdu)
- IRA Punjabi (Punjabi)
- IRA Sindhi (Sindhi)
- IRA Blochi (Blochi)

Express Media Network
- Express News (Urdu)
- Express 24/7 (English)
- Express Entertainment (Currently on Test Transmission)
- Express Music (Currently on Test Transmission)

Eye Television Network
- Hum TV
- Masala TV - Food and Health channel
- Style 360
- Oye - Music channel (Currently on Test Transmission)

Filmazia - Pakistani Movies channel
Filmax
Film World
Fun TV

Geo Television Network
- Aag TV
- Geo Tv
- Geo News
- Geo Super - Sports channel
- Geo English
HadiTV- First multilingual Islamic channel broadcasts programmes in English, Urdu, Thai and Malaysian languages.
Haq TV - Islamic Channel
ILIM TV
Indus Television Network
- Indus Vision
- Indus Music
- Indus News
- G Kaboom
- MTV Pakistan
AKS Communication
K2
Labbaik TV - Islamic channel
AKS TV [1] - Light Entertainment Family Channel

Madni Channel - Islamic channel
Metro One
Music Station
Noor TV
NVibe
Prime TV- UK & Europe
R World
Ravi TV
Roshni TV
Royal TV
Rung TV
Samaa - News channel
Silver Screen - Pakistani Movies channel
Star Asia
Starlite TV - Pakistan's First TV Channel Showing the Hollywood Movies, dubbed in Urdu, Punjabi, Sindhi and Pashto.
Sun - Business & Entertainment channel
Value TV - Real Estate & Lifestyle Channel (Currently on Test Transmission)
Ujala TV - Educational
Waqt TV - News channel
Wikkid Plus - Kid's Channel
- [[PIT|Pakistan Internaional Television Network

International

Cartoon Network
CNBC Pakistan
Fashion TV Pakistan - Part of ARY Digital Network
HBO - Part of ARY Digital Network
MTV Pakistan - Part of Indus Television Network
Nickelodeon - Part of ARY Digital Network
VH1 - Part of ARY Digital Network

Future channels

A-Plus Launching In 2009 - Atv Pakistan First Private Terrestrial Network.
ATV Sindhi - Awaz Television Network Coming Soon (www.awaztv.com.pk)
PTV Panjnad - Punjabi language channel
PTV Mehran - Sindhi language channel
PTV Abaseen - Pashto language channel
PTV's Sports & Youth channel
Pakistan TV (24-Hour News Channel)
Pothowari TV - Pahari Pothowari lanuage channel
City 51 - News Channel of Islamabad ,Rawalpindi ,Murree
Music One - Part of Airwaves Media Network
Indus Vision - UK/Europe Launching soon
Indus Music - UK/Europe Launching soon
ARY Bangla - Bengali Language Channel, Part of the ARY Digital Network
Geo News Canada - Part of Geo TV Network
Aag Canada - Part of Geo TV Network
Disney Channel Pakistan - Part of the ARY Digital Network
Hum TV - UK/Europe Launching soon
IPFC TV - The new satellite TV channel of India-Pakistan Friendship Club
Prime TV Pakistan - by Classic Entertainment (Pvt) Ltd.
View Line - by International Marketing & Trading Company (Pvt.) Ltd.
Jinnah TV - News & Current Affairs channel by Asia News Network (ANN) (Pvt) Ltd.
Ajrak TV - Sindhi language channel
Waaj TV - Punjabi language channel
K.Vision TV - News & Current Affairs channel by Adjust Group.
Taqat TV - News & Current Affairs channel by Taqat Media Group.
Sanjh TV
Home TV - Entertainment Channel by Home Media (Pvt.) Ltd.
Lucky TV - Entertainment Channel by Lucky TV Network.
Fiver - Entertainment Channel by Khbrain Group of Newspapers.
Herald News
Herald Entertainment
Zam Tv
Express Music
Express Entertainment
A Plus
Sachal Music Tv
Health Channel
K-2
Value Tv
Mashriq Tv
Roze Tv
Vsh Tv
Aruj Tv
Sachal Tv
Hope
Geo English
Aaj Tv Entertainment
Dunya Tv Entertainment
Sohni Dharti Tv (Agri Channel)
Wcn Tv Channel) wcn World Colours Network online
Geo Tez
Doctor Television

Slogans

Aag TV - "Naujawano Ka Channel"
Channel 5 - "Hum Awam (We The People)"
Aaj TV - "Pakistan Ki Awaz"
Apna News - "Des Des Diyaan Khabraan"
ARY One World - "Her Lamha Bakhabar"
ARY Zouq - "Jo Dil Jeet Lay"
Asset Plus - "For You-Through You"
ATV - "Ek Duniya Naee"
AVT Khayber - "Pride of the Proud"
Business Plus - "Business & Current Affairs"
CNBC Pakistan - "The World Leader in Busniess News"
Channel 5 - "Hum Awam (We the people)"
Dawn News - "Understand the Difference"
Dhoom TV - "Har Jaga, Har Waqt"
DM Digital - "Duriyan Mitai"
Express News - "Har Khabar Par Nazar"
Fashion TV Pakistan - "I See It First"
Filmazia - "Watch It Now"
Film World - "Mast Duniya"
Fun TV - "Fun For Everyone"
Geo - "Har Pal Geo"
Geo News - "Geo Aur Jeenay Du"
IRA News Channel - "You Have Right To Know"
Geo Super - "Jeet Kay Geo"
HBO - "Simply The Best"
Hum TV - "Pure Entertainment"
Indus Vision - "Your Drama Channel"
Indus News - "Ju Sach Hay Wu Khabar Hay"
K2 - "Truly Youthful"
Khyber News - "Beyond All Frontiers"
Labbaik TV - "Pal Pal Per Labbaik, Har Pal Per Labbaik"
Masala TV - "Add Some Masala To Your Life"
Metro One - "Karachi Hamaree Nazar Se"
News One - "Sach Ki Lagan"
nVibe - "Thinking Person's Channel"
Pothowari TV - "Pahari Pothowari One"
PTV Home - "Humara Pakistan"
PTV News - "Bakhabar Pakistan"
PTV Global - "Duniya Pakistan"
PTV National - "Aap Ka Apna Qaumi Channel"
PTV Bolan - "The Right Choice"
Punjab TV - "Har Welay Tuhaday Naal Naal"
QTV - "The Only Islamic Channel Round the Clock"
Roshni TV - "Roshni Hai Zindagi"
Royal News - "Har Khabar Sirf Royal Per" www.royaltelevision.tv
Rung TV - "Sarey Rung Humaray"
Sach TV - "Sach aur sirf sach"
Samaa - "Har Waqt, Bar Waqt"
Starlite - "Light Up Your World"
Wikkid Plus - "Let the Fun Begin"
Atiyaf Media - "Plus Tv NEWS Productions" "TV24MEDIA (WCN NEWS) WORLDWIDE www.atiyafmedia.webs.com"
Doctor Television "We care about you"

Pakistani universities

2009-10-23T11:36:00.000-07:00

According to Higher Education Commission of Pakistan there are 124 Universities in Pakistan of which 68 are public universities and 56 are private universities.^[1] The following is a list of universities in Pakistan, organized by subnational entities and lists only those universities that are recognised by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan.

Federal

International Islamic University, Islamabad

National Defence University, Islamabad

Public universities

National Defence University, Islamabad
Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore
National University of Science and Technology, Rawalpindi
Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad
Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Islamabad
National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad
International Islamic University, Islamabad
Institute of Space Technology (IST), Islamabad
Iqra University, Islamabad
Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Islamabad and Karachi
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad
Bahria University, Islamabad
Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad
Air University, Islamabad

Private universities

Riphah International University, Islamabad
National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad
Foundation University, Rawalpindi
Center for Advanced Studies in Engineering, Islamabad

Azad Kashmir

Public universities

University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad
Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST, Mirpur

Private universities

Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif AJK
Al-Khair University (Mir Pur AJK),

Balochistan

Public universities

Bolan Medical College, Quetta
Bolan University of Medical & Health Sciences, Quetta
Balochistan University of Engineering and Technology, Khuzdar
Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta
Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water & Marine Science, Lasbela
Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University, Quetta
University of Balochistan, Quetta

Private universities

ALHAMD ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY QUETTA www.aiu.edu.pk

Iqra University, Quetta

North-West Frontier Province

Public universities

Islamia College University,Peshawar

Institute of Management Sciences (IMSciences), Hayatabad
Frontier Women University, Peshawar
Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan
Islamia College University, Peshawar
Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat
Khyber University of Medical and Health Sciences, Peshawar
NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawar
Pakistan Military Academy, Abbotabad
The University of Science & Tecnology, Bannu
University of Engineering and Technology (NWFP), Peshawar
University of Hazara, Hazara
University of Malakand, Chakdara
University of Peshawar, Peshawar

Private universities

Qurtaba University of Science & Information Technology, D. I. Khan, Peshawar
CECOS University of Information Technology and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar
City University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar
Gandhara University, Peshawar
Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Swabi
Northern University, Nowshera
Preston University, Kohat
Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar
Abasyn University, Peshawar
Gandhara College of Arts, Peshawar

Northern Areas

Public universities

Karakurum International University, Gilgit [1]
Allama Iqbal Open University, Gilgit

Punjab

Public Universities

Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi
Government College University, Lahore
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan

Government College University, Faisalabad
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur
Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore
King Edward Medical College, Lahore
Lahore College for Women University, Lahore

National Textile University, Faisalabad
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
University of Information Technology, Faisalabad
University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi
University of Education, Lahore
University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore
University of Engineering and Technology, Faisalabad
University of Engineering and Technology,Taxila
University of Health Sciences, Lahore
University of Gujrat, Gujrat
University of the Punjab, Lahore, Gujranwala
University of Sargodha, SargodhaS
University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore
Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore
NFC Institue of Engineering, Faisalabad
National institute Biotechnology and Genetical Engineering, Faisalabad

Medical University, Lahore

Private Universities

University of Wah([2])
Hajvery University, Lahore
Independent Medical University, Faisalabad
Beaconhouse National University, Lahore
Forman Christian College, Lahore
GIFT University, Gujranwala
Imperial College of Business Studies, Lahore
Institute of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pak-AIMS, Lahore
Lahore School of Economics, Lahore
Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore
Minhaj International University, Lahore
National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore
National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, formerly FAST Institute of Computer Science Lahore Campus
School of Business & Commerce, Rawalpindi
University Of Management and Technology, Lahore
University of Central Punjab, Lahore
University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad
Preston University, Faisalabad
University of Lahore, Lahore
University of South Asia, Lahore
Superior University, Lahore
International Islamic University, Bahawalpur
University College Lahore, Lahore
Rachna University of Engineering and Technology.Gujranwala
University of Munawwar-ul-islam.Gujrat

Sindh

Public universities

Universityof Karachi

Bahria University, Karachi Campus
Dawood College of Engineering and Technology,Karachi
Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi
Institute of Business Administration, Karachi
Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Hyderabad
Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Hyderabad
NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
Pakistan Naval Academy, Karachi
Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah
Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai University, Khairpur
Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam
Institute of Business Administration (IBA) Sukkur
University of Karachi, Karachi
University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Hyderabad

Private universities

National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences - Karachi Campus

Usman Institute of Technology affiliated with Hamdard University

- Karachi

Aga Khan University, Karachi
Baqai Medical University, Karachi
Dadabhoy Institute of Higher Education, Karachi
DHA Suffa University, Karachi
Greenwich University, Karachi
Hamdard University, Karachi
Indus Institute of Higher Education, Karachi
Indus Valley School of Art and Architecture, Karachi
National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, formerly FAST Institute of Computer Science Karachi Campus
Institute of Business & Technology (BIZTEK), Karachi
Institute of Business Management, Karachi
Iqra University, Karachi
Isra University, Hyderabad
Jinnah University for Women, Karachi
Karachi Institute of Economics & Technology (PAF KIET), Karachi
KASB Institute of Information Technology, Karachi
Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi
Nazeer Hussain University, Karachi
Newports Institute of Communications and Economics, Karachi
PIMSAT Institute of Higher Education, Karachi
Preston University, Karachi
Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi
Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi
Textile Institute of Pakistan, Karachi
University of East, Hyderabad
Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi

Pakistan Always First

Pakistan Going Out

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Transportation in Pakistan

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[edit] Auto Rickshaws

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Highest Mountains of Pakistan

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Pakistani universities

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